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...d translates machine instructions into sequences of detailed circuit-level operations. It helps separate the machine instructions from the underlying electronics

...ment. On a locked down configuration, the GRUB will be restricted and some operations/commands cannot be executed. ...extension that will load the operating system, EFI provides to the user an internal boot manager. The operating system is responsible for creating a new entry

Sed works by performing any number of user-specified editing operations ("commands") on the input data. Sed is line-based, so the commands are perf ...ll swoop. Instead, sed read each line of /etc/services one by one into its internal buffer, called the pattern buffer. Once a line was read into the pattern bu

/usr/lib includes object files, libraries, and internal binaries that are not intended to be executed directly by users or shell sc ...sendmail have also been traditionally placed in /usr/lib. makewhatis is an internal binary and must be placed in a binary directory; users access only catman.

* Operations are transactional * Usage of B-Trees to store the internal filesystem structures (B-Trees are known to have a logarithmic growth in de

...n. In fact, we as users are totally dependent on other programs to perform operations on our behalf. Because the programs you start inherit your user id, they ca ...prevents these accounts from being used as login accounts -- they are for internal use only.

...nditions. Because it does not extensively employ the use of "trees" in its internal design, it doesn't scale very well, meaning that it is not an ideal choice ...quite a while to complete, since the entirety of a filesystem's metadata (internal data structure) needs to be scanned in order to ensure that it's consistent