Difference between pages "ZFS as Root Filesystem" and "Main Page"

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== Introduction ==
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Funtoo Linux}}
 
__NOTITLE__
This tutorial will show you how to install Funtoo on ZFS (rootfs). This tutorial is meant to be an "overlay" over the [[Funtoo_Linux_Installation|Regular Funtoo Installation]]. Follow the normal installation and only use this guide for steps 2, 3, and 8.
__NOEDITSECTION__
 
<div style="display: none;"><h1>Welcome to Funtoo Linux</h1></div>
=== Introduction to ZFS ===
 
Since ZFS is a new technology for Linux, it can be helpful to understand some of its benefits, particularly in comparison to BTRFS, another popular next-generation Linux filesystem:
 
* On Linux, the ZFS code can be updated independently of the kernel to obtain the latest fixes. btrfs is exclusive to Linux and you need to build the latest kernel sources to get the latest fixes.
 
* ZFS is supported on multiple platforms. The platforms with the best support are Solaris, FreeBSD and Linux. Other platforms with varying degrees of support are NetBSD, Mac OS X and Windows. btrfs is exclusive to Linux.
 
* ZFS has the Adaptive Replacement Cache replacement algorithm while btrfs uses the Linux kernel's Last Recently Used replacement algorithm. The former often has an overwhelmingly superior hit rate, which means fewer disk accesses.
 
* ZFS has the ZFS Intent Log and SLOG devices, which accelerates small synchronous write performance.
 
* ZFS handles internal fragmentation gracefully, such that you can fill it until 100%. Internal fragmentation in btrfs can make btrfs think it is full at 10%. Btrfs has no automatic rebalancing code, so it requires a manual rebalance to correct it.
 
* ZFS has raidz, which is like RAID 5/6 (or a hypothetical RAID 7 that supports 3 parity disks), except it does not suffer from the RAID write hole issue thanks to its use of CoW and a variable stripe size. btrfs gained integrated RAID 5/6 functionality in Linux 3.9. However, its implementation uses a stripe cache that can only partially mitigate the effect of the RAID write hole.
 
* ZFS send/receive implementation supports incremental update when doing backups. btrfs' send/receive implementation requires sending the entire snapshot.
 
* ZFS supports data deduplication, which is a memory hog and only works well for specialized workloads. btrfs has no equivalent.
 
* ZFS datasets have a hierarchical namespace while btrfs subvolumes have a flat namespace.
 
* ZFS has the ability to create virtual block devices called zvols in its namespace. btrfs has no equivalent and must rely on the loop device for this functionality, which is cumbersome.
 
The only area where btrfs is ahead of ZFS is in the area of small file
efficiency. btrfs supports a feature called block suballocation, which
enables it to store small files far more efficiently than ZFS. It is
possible to use another filesystem (e.g. reiserfs) on top of a ZFS zvol
to obtain similar benefits (with arguably better data integrity) when
dealing with many small files (e.g. the portage tree).
 
For a quick tour of ZFS and have a big picture of its common operations you can consult the page [[ZFS Fun]].
 
=== Disclaimers ===
 
{{fancywarning|This guide is a work in progress. Expect some quirks. Presently, this guide is NOT complete, kernel, initramfs configuring and building, as well boot loading are not working properly. The older guide from January 2015 was working well with some minor issues...but unfortunately it is overwritten.}}
{{fancyimportant|'''Since ZFS was really designed for 64 bit systems, we are only recommending and supporting 64 bit platforms and installations. We will not be supporting 32 bit platforms'''!}}
 
== Downloading the ISO (With ZFS) ==
In order for us to install Funtoo on ZFS, you will need an environment that already provides the ZFS tools. Therefore we will download a customized version of System Rescue CD with ZFS included.
 
<pre>
Name: sysresccd-4.2.0_zfs_0.6.2.iso  (545 MB)
Release Date: 2014-02-25
md5sum 01f4e6929247d54db77ab7be4d156d85
</pre>
 
 
'''[http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/funtoo/distfiles/sysresccd/ Download System Rescue CD with ZFS]'''<br />
 
== Creating a bootable USB from ISO (From a Linux Environment) ==
After you download the iso, you can do the following steps to create a bootable USB:
 
<console>
Make a temporary directory
# ##i##mkdir /tmp/loop
 
Mount the iso
# ##i##mount -o ro,loop /root/sysresccd-4.2.0_zfs_0.6.2.iso /tmp/loop
 
Run the usb installer
# ##i##/tmp/loop/usb_inst.sh
</console>
 
That should be all you need to do to get your flash drive working.
 
== Booting the ISO ==
 
{{fancywarning|'''When booting into the ISO, Make sure that you select the "Alternate 64 bit kernel (altker64)". The ZFS modules have been built specifically for this kernel rather than the standard kernel. If you select a different kernel, you will get a fail to load module stack error message.'''}}
 
== Creating partitions ==
There are two ways to partition your disk: You can use your entire drive and let ZFS automatically partition it for you, or you can do it manually.
 
We will be showing you how to partition it '''manually''' because if you partition it manually you get to create your own layout, you get to have your own separate /boot partition (Which is nice since not every bootloader supports booting from ZFS pools), and you get to boot into RAID10, RAID5 (RAIDZ) pools and any other layouts due to you having a separate /boot partition.
 
==== gdisk (GPT Style) ====
 
'''A Fresh Start''':
 
First lets make sure that the disk is completely wiped from any previous disk labels and partitions.
We will also assume that <tt>/dev/sda</tt> is the target drive.<br />
 
<console>
# ##i##sgdisk -Z /dev/sda
</console>
 
{{fancywarning|This is a destructive operation and the program will not ask you for confirmation! Make sure you really don't want anything on this disk.}}
 
Now that we have a clean drive, we will create the new layout.
 
First open up the application:
 
<console>
# ##i##gdisk /dev/sda
</console>
 
'''Create Partition 1''' (boot):
<console>
Command: ##i##n ↵
Partition Number: ##i##↵
First sector: ##i##↵
Last sector: ##i##+250M ↵
Hex Code: ##i##↵
</console>
 
'''Create Partition 2''' (BIOS Boot Partition):
<console>Command: ##i##n ↵
Partition Number: ##i##↵
First sector: ##i##↵
Last sector: ##i##+32M ↵
Hex Code: ##i##EF02 ↵
</console>
 
'''Create Partition 3''' (ZFS):
<console>Command: ##i##n ↵
Partition Number: ##i##↵
First sector: ##i##↵
Last sector: ##i##↵
Hex Code: ##i##bf00 ↵
 
Command: ##i##p ↵
 
Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size      Code  Name
  1            2048          514047  250.0 MiB  8300  Linux filesystem
  2          514048          579583  32.0 MiB    EF02  BIOS boot partition
  3          579584      1953525134  931.2 GiB  BF00  Solaris root
 
Command: ##i##w ↵
</console>
 
 
=== Format your /boot partition ===
 
<console>
# ##i##mkfs.ext2 -m 1 /dev/sda1
</console>
 
=== Create the zpool ===
We will first create the pool. The pool will be named  <code>tank</code>. Feel free to name your pool as you want.  We will use <code>ashift=12</code> option  which is used for a hard drives with a 4096 sector size.
<console># ##i##  zpool create -f -o ashift=12 -o cachefile=/tmp/zpool.cache -O normalization=formD -m none -R /mnt/funtoo tank /dev/sda3 </console>
 
=== Create the zfs datasets ===
We will now create some datasets. For this installation, we will create a small but future proof amount of datasets. We will have a dataset for the OS (/), and your swap. We will also show you how to create some optional datasets as examples ones: <code>/home</code>,  <code>/usr/src</code>, and <code>/usr/portage</code>. 
 
<console>
Create some empty containers for organization purposes, and make the dataset that will hold /
# ##i##zfs create -p tank/funtoo
# ##i##zfs create -o mountpoint=/ tank/funtoo/root
 
Optional, but recommended datasets: /home
# ##i##zfs create -o mountpoint=/home tank/funtoo/home
 
Optional datasets: /usr/src, /usr/portage/{distfiles,packages}
# ##i##zfs create -o mountpoint=/usr/src tank/funtoo/src
# ##i##zfs create -o mountpoint=/usr/portage -o compression=off tank/funtoo/portage
# ##i##zfs create -o mountpoint=/usr/portage/distfiles tank/funtoo/portage/distfiles
# ##i##zfs create -o mountpoint=/usr/portage/packages tank/funtoo/portage/packages
</console>


== Installing Funtoo ==
<div class="row">


=== Pre-Chroot ===
<div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3">[[File:Fwiki.png|link=Funtoo_Linux_Installation]]


<console>
<!-- button block -->
Go into the directory that you will chroot into
<div class="row" style="margin-top:10px">
# ##i##cd /mnt/funtoo
<div class="col-xs-3">[http://webchat.freenode.net/?nick=Funtoo.&channels=%23funtoo&uio=MTA9dHJ1ZSYxMj10cnVlf5 <i style="border: 1px solid #1111a1;border-radius: 3px;" class="btn btn-block btn-custom fa fa-comment"></i>]</div>
<div class="col-xs-3">[http://git.funtoo.org <i style="border: 1px solid #1111a1;border-radius: 3px;" class="btn btn-block btn-custom fa fa-code-fork"></i>]</div>
<div class="col-xs-3">[https://bugs.funtoo.org <i style="border: 1px solid #1111a1;border-radius: 3px;" class="btn btn-block btn-custom fa fa-bug"></i>]</div>
<div class="col-xs-3">[[Funtoo_RSS_and_Atom_Feeds | <i style="border: 1px solid #1111a1;border-radius: 3px;" class="btn btn-block btn-custom fa fa-rss-square"></i>]]</div>
</div>
<div class="row" style="margin-top:10px">
<div class="col-xs-3">[https://www.linkedin.com/company/funtoo-technologies <i style="border: 1px solid #1111a1;border-radius: 3px;" class="btn btn-block btn-custom fa fa-linkedin"></i>]</div>
<div class="col-xs-3">[https://www.facebook.com/pages/Funtoo-Linux/107461849335837 <i style="border: 1px solid #1111a1;border-radius: 3px;" class="btn btn-block btn-custom fa fa-facebook"></i>]</div>
<div class="col-xs-3">[https://twitter.com/funtoo <i style="border: 1px solid #1111a1;border-radius: 3px;" class="btn btn-block btn-custom fa fa-twitter"></i>]</div>
<div class="col-xs-3">[https://plus.google.com/+funtoo/posts <i style="border: 1px solid #1111a1;border-radius: 3px;" class="btn btn-block btn-custom fa fa-google-plus"></i>]</div>
</div>
<div class="row" style="margin-top:10px">
<div class="col-xs-3">[https://www.reddit.com/r/funtoo <i style="border: 1px solid #1111a1;border-radius: 3px;" class="btn btn-block btn-custom fa fa-reddit">r</i>]</div>
<div class="col-xs-3">[https://github.com/funtoo <i style="border: 1px solid #1111a1;border-radius: 3px;" class="btn btn-block btn-custom fa fa-github"></i>]</div>
<div class="col-xs-3">[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKmOY6p3c9hxv3vJMAF8vVw <i style="border: 1px solid #1111a1;border-radius: 3px;" class="btn btn-block btn-custom fa fa-youtube"></i>]</div>
<div class="col-xs-3">[http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=funtoo <i style="border: 1px solid #1111a1;border-radius: 3px;" class="btn btn-block btn-custom fa fa-linux"></i>]</div>
</div>


Make a boot folder and mount your boot drive
<!--end of button block-->
# ##i##mkdir boot
# ##i##mount /dev/sda1 boot
</console>


[[Funtoo_Linux_Installation|Now download and extract the Funtoo stage3 ...]]
== Getting Started ==
'''[[Funtoo Linux Installation|Install Funtoo]]'''


Once you've extracted the stage3, do a few more preparations and chroot into your new funtoo environment:
'''{{CreateAccount}}''', which allows you to get involved with the community.  Log in to the [http://www.funtoo.org/ wiki], [http://forums.funtoo.org forums], and [https://bugs.funtoo.org bug tracker] under the same username, and password by unified logins.  See the [[Funtoo Authentication FAQ|Auth FAQ]] & [[Funtoo Linux FAQ|General FAQ]].


<console>
'''[[Reporting Bugs|Report bugs, and suggest improvements]]''' to our '''[http://bugs.funtoo.org bug tracker]'''. We take all bugs seriously, and all work performed is tracked on our public bug tracker, for purposes of transparency.
Bind the kernel related directories
See the [[Funtoo Linux FAQ]].
# ##i##mount -t proc none proc
# ##i##mount --rbind /dev dev
# ##i##mount --rbind /sys sys


Copy network settings
</div>
# ##i##cp -f /etc/resolv.conf etc


Make the zfs folder in 'etc' and copy your zpool.cache
<div class="col-xs-12 col-md-9">
# ##i##mkdir etc/zfs
Funtoo Linux is a rolling-release Linux meta-distribution for x86 and ARM systems. It uses Portage as a package manager, and is run by Daniel Robbins, creator of Gentoo Linux. It is a continuation of Daniel's work on Gentoo Linux.  Funtoo Linux is committed to software freedom, independence, and a user-centric model of software development, where our users help define the future direction of the project.
# ##i##cp /tmp/zpool.cache etc/zfs


Chroot into Funtoo
Our goal is to provide a best-of-breed Gentoo-based meta-distribution that is ideal for desktop and servers, and to progressively improve our core technology in thoughtful and innovative ways, while respecting Gentoo design principles, and the history of Unix and Linux.
# ##i##env -i HOME=/root TERM=$TERM chroot . bash -l
</console>


{{fancynote|How to create zpool.cache file?}}
Funtoo Linux provides [[Subarches|optimized builds]] for your specific hardware to ensure the best possible performance, and offers the following features:
If no <code>zpool.cache</code> file is available, the following command will create one:  
* A completely systemd-free system, including GNOME 3.14 without systemd.
<console>
* A new [[Funtoo 1.0 Profile|profile system]] to simplify system configuration.
# ##i##zpool set cachefile=/etc/zfs/zpool.cache tank
* Improved ease of install with pre-built Debian kernel provided in our install image.
</console>
* A new system configuration tool, [News:Better_Experiences:_Ego_and_Vim ego].
* An advanced build and quality assurance tool called [[Metro]], providing optimized install images and enhanced real-world testing.
* The use of git as a default mechanism for getting updated ebuilds (build scripts) to you.
* [[Funtoo Linux Networking|Modular networking scripts]] to simplify creating sophisticated server network configurations.
* Enhanced Python support from the Progress overlay, and inclusion of other popular packages from the Gentoo ecosystem.


{{:Install/PortageTree}}
</div>


=== Add filesystems to /etc/fstab ===
<div class="col-xs-12 col-md-9">{{Announce|{{SupportBlurb}}}}</div>


Before we continue to compile and or install our kernel in the next step, we will edit the <code>/etc/fstab</code> file because if we decide to install our kernel through portage, portage will need to know where our <code>/boot</code> is, so that it can place the files in there.
<div class="col-xs-12 col-md-5">
=== News ===
{{NewsList|2}}
</div>


Edit <code>/etc/fstab</code>:
<div class="col-xs-12 col-md-4">
== Official Projects ==
*  '''[[Keychain]]''', an SSH/GPG agent front-end.
* '''[[Metro]]''', automated Funtoo build engine.
* '''[[Linux_Fundamentals,_Part_1|Learn Linux]]'''! [[Awk_by_Example,_Part_1|Awk]], [[Bash_by_Example,_Part_1|Bash]], [[Sed_by_Example,_Part_1|Sed]]  and more.
* Web projects include [http://larrythecow.org larrythecow.org], the Gentoo blog aggregator, and [http://kernel-seeds.org kernel-seeds.org].


{{file|name=/etc/fstab|desc= |body=
=== [[Ebuilds]] ===
# <fs>                  <mountpoint>    <type>          <opts>          <dump/pass>
'''Ebuild pages recently updated:''' {{#ask: [[Category:Ebuilds]]
 
| order=descending
/dev/sda1              /boot          ext2            defaults        0 2
| sort=Modification date
| format=list
| limit=10
| searchlabel=
}}
}}
</div>


== Kernel Configuration ==
</div>
...wip
 
== Installing the ZFS userspace tools and kernel modules ==
Emerge {{Package|sys-fs/zfs}}. This package will bring in {{Package|sys-kernel/spl}}, and {{Package|sys-fs/zfs-kmod}} as its dependencies:
 
<console>
# ##i##emerge zfs
</console>


Check to make sure that the zfs tools are working. The <code>zpool.cache</code> file that you copied before should be displayed.


<console>
# ##i##zpool status
# ##i##zfs list
</console>


If everything worked, continue.
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-6">{{#widget:YouTube16x9|playlist=PL2YVrx9jFJOewYI7f15FahwLOZlFCRqjZ}}
{{FuntooFriendly|Brownrice Internet}}
</div>
</div>


== Create the initramfs ==
{{#seo:
=== genkernel ===
|title=Funtoo Linux
Install genkernel and run it:
|keywords=funtoo,linux,gentoo,Daniel Robbins
<console>
|description=Funtoo Linux is a Gentoo-based OS that uses a git-based Portage tree. Run by Daniel Robbins, creator of Gentoo.
# ##i##emerge genkernel
 
You only need to add --luks if you used encryption
# ##i##genkernel --zfs --luks initramfs
</console>
 
== Installing & Configuring the Bootloader ==
 
=== GRUB 2  ===
<console>
# ##i##emerge grub
</console>
 
Now install grub to the drive itself (not a partition):
<console>
# ##i##grub-install /dev/sda
</console>
 
=== boot-update ===
boot-update comes as a dependency of grub2, so if you already installed grub, it's already on your system!
 
==== Genkernel ====
If your using genkernel you must add 'real_root=ZFS=<root>' and 'dozfs' to your params.
Example entry for <code>/etc/boot.conf</code>:
 
{{file|name=/etc/boot.conf|desc= |body=
"Funtoo ZFS" {
        kernel kernel[-v]
        initrd initramfs-genkernel-x86_64[-v]
        params real_root=ZFS=tank/funtoo/root
        params += dozfs=force
}
}}
}}
After editing /etc/boot.conf, you just need to run boot-update to update grub.cfg
<console>
###i## boot-update
</console>
== Final configuration ==
=== Add the zfs tools to openrc ===
<console># ##i##rc-update add zfs boot</console>
=== Clean up and reboot ===
We are almost done, we are just going to clean up, '''set our root password''', and unmount whatever we mounted and get out.
<console>
Delete the stage3 tarball that you downloaded earlier so it doesn't take up space.
# ##i##cd /
# ##i##rm stage3-latest.tar.xz
Set your root password
# ##i##passwd
>> Enter your password, you won't see what you are writing (for security reasons), but it is there!
Get out of the chroot environment
# ##i##exit
Unmount all the kernel filesystem stuff and boot (if you have a separate /boot)
# ##i##umount -l proc dev sys boot
Turn off the swap
# ##i##swapoff /dev/zvol/tank/swap
Export the zpool
# ##i##cd /
# ##i##zpool export tank
Reboot
# ##i##reboot
</console>
{{fancyimportant|'''Don't forget to set your root password as stated above before exiting chroot and rebooting. If you don't set the root password, you won't be able to log into your new system.'''}}
and that should be enough to get your system to boot on ZFS.
== After reboot ==
=== Forgot to reset password? ===
==== System Rescue CD ====
If you aren't using bliss-initramfs, then you can reboot back into your sysresccd and reset through there by mounting your drive, chrooting, and then typing passwd.
Example:
<console>
# ##i##zpool import -f -R /mnt/funtoo tank
# ##i##chroot /mnt/funtoo bash -l
# ##i##passwd
# ##i##exit
# ##i##zpool export -f tank
# ##i##reboot
</console>
=== Create initial ZFS Snapshot ===
Continue to set up anything you need in terms of /etc configurations. Once you have everything the way you like it, take a snapshot of your system. You will be using this snapshot to revert back to this state if anything ever happens to your system down the road. The snapshots are cheap, and almost instant.
To take the snapshot of your system, type the following:
<console># ##i##zfs snapshot -r tank@install</console>
To see if your snapshot was taken, type:
<console># ##i##zfs list -t snapshot</console>
If your machine ever fails and you need to get back to this state, just type (This will only revert your / dataset while keeping the rest of your data intact):
<console># ##i##zfs rollback tank/funtoo/root@install</console>
{{fancyimportant|'''For a detailed overview, presentation of ZFS' capabilities, as well as usage examples, please refer to the [[ZFS_Fun|ZFS Fun]] page.'''}}
== Troubleshooting ==
=== Starting from scratch ===
If your installation has gotten screwed up for whatever reason and you need a fresh restart, you can do the following from sysresccd to start fresh:
<console>
Destroy the pool and any snapshots and datasets it has
# ##i##zpool destroy -R -f tank
This deletes the files from /dev/sda1 so that even after we zap, recreating the drive in the exact sector
position and size will not give us access to the old files in this partition.
# ##i##mkfs.ext2 /dev/sda1
# ##i##sgdisk -Z /dev/sda
</console>
Now start the guide again :).
[[Category:HOWTO]]
[[Category:Filesystems]]
[[Category:Featured]]
[[Category:Install]]
__NOTITLE__

Revision as of 10:47, May 17, 2015


Welcome to Funtoo Linux

Fwiki.png


Getting Started

Install Funtoo

Create a Funtoo account, which allows you to get involved with the community. Log in to the wiki, forums, and bug tracker under the same username, and password by unified logins. See the Auth FAQ & General FAQ.

Report bugs, and suggest improvements to our bug tracker. We take all bugs seriously, and all work performed is tracked on our public bug tracker, for purposes of transparency. See the Funtoo Linux FAQ.

Funtoo Linux is a rolling-release Linux meta-distribution for x86 and ARM systems. It uses Portage as a package manager, and is run by Daniel Robbins, creator of Gentoo Linux. It is a continuation of Daniel's work on Gentoo Linux. Funtoo Linux is committed to software freedom, independence, and a user-centric model of software development, where our users help define the future direction of the project.

Our goal is to provide a best-of-breed Gentoo-based meta-distribution that is ideal for desktop and servers, and to progressively improve our core technology in thoughtful and innovative ways, while respecting Gentoo design principles, and the history of Unix and Linux.

Funtoo Linux provides optimized builds for your specific hardware to ensure the best possible performance, and offers the following features:

  • A completely systemd-free system, including GNOME 3.14 without systemd.
  • A new profile system to simplify system configuration.
  • Improved ease of install with pre-built Debian kernel provided in our install image.
  • A new system configuration tool, ego.
  • An advanced build and quality assurance tool called Metro, providing optimized install images and enhanced real-world testing.
  • The use of git as a default mechanism for getting updated ebuilds (build scripts) to you.
  • Modular networking scripts to simplify creating sophisticated server network configurations.
  • Enhanced Python support from the Progress overlay, and inclusion of other popular packages from the Gentoo ecosystem.
   {{{title}}}
{{{body}}}

News

Ego-2.2.0 Released

User:Drobbins
2017-10-18 by
Drobbins

Latest Innovations

This news item documents the latest innovations now available under Funtoo Linux.
2017-09-07 by Drobbins
More...

Official Projects

Ebuilds

Ebuild pages recently updated: {{#ask: | order=descending | sort=Modification date | format=list | limit=10 | searchlabel= }}


{{#seo: |title=Funtoo Linux |keywords=funtoo,linux,gentoo,Daniel Robbins |description=Funtoo Linux is a Gentoo-based OS that uses a git-based Portage tree. Run by Daniel Robbins, creator of Gentoo. }}