Difference between pages "FLOP:No-systemd system" and "Wim42gnu's-setup"

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{{FLOP
WIM42GNU's Funtoo Setup
|Created on=2015/02/09
|Summary=How systemd sneaks in into Funtoo, and possible solutions for removing it.
|Author=Mgorny,
|Reference Bug=FL-2091
}}
== State inherited from Gentoo ==
=== udev implementations ===
Gentoo has three udev providers:
* ''sys-apps/systemd'' provides udev as a part of standard systemd installation,
* ''sys-fs/udev'' provides the systemd variant of udev decoupled from systemd, with some Gentoo patches,
* ''sys-fs/eudev'' provides the Gentoo fork of udev from before it was coupled into systemd.


The existence of those providers is acknowledged by the following virtuals, see http://www.funtoo.org/Virtual_Packages :
This is for everybody who might have seen my funtoo setup and liked it!
* ''virtual/udev'',
This is also for myself to keep track on my system. I have used most of the Linux distributions out there and I am currently most happy with funtoo.  
* ''virtual/libudev'',
My reasons are:
* ''virtual/libgudev''.
# Gentoo/Funtoo is a rolling release distribution, meaning you only have to install it once and update it frequently.
# Gentoo/Funtoo is only what you make out of it, no unnesecary rubish like in Ubuntu, OpenSuse or Fedora will be installed by default. In the mean time being aware that Gentoo/Funtoo is for advanced users not careing that much about GUIs for Settings or Configs.
# Gentoo/Funtoo runs fast due to multiple reasons. (Compiling your own software,USE-Flags,...)
# Philosophy, one would think that Slackware would suite me most (KISS,Unix) but the fact is that these distributions require you more energy and time to work with. I want to get my jobs done, not careing to much about the system. It is okay to have tools that do things for you as long they are designed well - like in funtoo.


=== systemd support in packages ===
Gentoo has separate methods of handling ''obtrusive'' and ''unobtrusive'' systemd support in packages.


Obtrusive support is when systemd support:
'''1. Install Funtoo (not complete yet - I will update this part when I install funtoo the next time)'''
* collides with OpenRC support,
* requires systemd being installed (e.g. linking to systemd libraries).


Unobtrusive support is when the package can support both OpenRC and systemd simultaneously without issues. Examples of unobtrusive support is portable, conditional code (i.e. runtime detection of init) and installation of unit files that are not used when systemd is not used.
''Follow the install instructions and setup a minimal system.''http://www.funtoo.org/Funtoo_Linux_Installation


For obtrusive conditional support Gentoo uses USE=systemd flag. For unobtrusive support, Gentoo enables relevant features or installs relevant files unconditionally. This aimed to ease switching to systemd and back by reducing the number of rebuilds.
Notice you will need to create/edit some configs in the installation prozess. Here are some of mine customizations:


== Current state in Funtoo ==
a) <code>/etc/portage/make.conf</code>:
=== Common changes ===
  CFLAGS="-O2 -march=native -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Funtoo overrides all udev virtuals to support only eudev as udev provider. This also implicitly blocks installing systemd or udev.
  CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"
  CPU_FLAGS_X86="aes avx fma4 mmx mmxext popcnt sse sse2 sse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 sse4a ssse3 xop"


However, sys-apps/systemd and sys-fs/udev are not masked, so attempt at installing either of them will result in hard-to-understand blockers. Furthermore, USE=systemd is not masked, so users can enable it and be confused by the resulting blockers.
''for the CPU Flags checkout:'' http://www.funtoo.org/News:CPU_FLAGS_X86


A number of packages install systemd-related files (the ''unobtrusive support'' from Gentoo). This includes:
  USE="qt3support theora libkms xa cdr dvd dvdr alsa ffmpeg -gnome gtk -qt4 -kde lm_sensors mp3 mp4 mozilla multilib png python sound udev usb unicode static-libs hddtemp -bluetooth  nvidia X pulseaudio udisks"
* systemd units (services) in ''/usr/lib/systemd/system'' installed by multiple packages,
* binfmt descriptions in ''/usr/lib/binfmt.d'' (''dev-dotnet/pe-format'', used by OpenRC as well),
* modules loaded at boot in ''/usr/lib/modules-load.d'' (not yet observed, TODO: check if OpenRC uses it),
* sysctl settings in ''/usr/lib/sysctl.d'' (not yet observed),
* declarations of system users & groups in ''/usr/lib/sysusers.d'' (not yet observed outside systemd),
* tmpfiles.d in ''/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d'' installed by multiple packages (used by OpenRC as well),
* potentially other configuration files in ''/usr/lib/systemd'' (''sys-power/upower''),
* potentially any other executable in ''/usr/lib/systemd'' (unsupported ''sys-fs/udev''), sometimes used outside systemd as well.


=== no-systemd mix-in ===
  EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="--keep-going"
The no-systemd mix-in additionally:
  FEATURES="-collision-protect ccache"
* masks sys-fs/udev and sys-apps/systemd,
  CCACHE_SIZE="1G"
* adds INSTALL_MASK to remove systemd files in ''/usr/lib/systemd'' (and the incorrect ''/lib/systemd'' directory).
  PORTAGE_NICENESS=20
  PORTAGE_IONICE_COMMAND="ionice -c 3 -p \${PID}"
  #EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="--jobs=12"
  MAKEOPTS="-j12" ''<--- Number of CPU cores *2 in my case works best.''


After enabling the mix-in, new packages no longer install directly systemd-related files. However, files from existing packages are kept until all the packages that were installing them are rebuilt. The {{Package|app-portage/install-mask}} script can be used to find packages needing rebuild. Alternatively, the user can remove those directories manually.
  LANG="de_DE.UTF-8"
  LINGUAS="de" 
  ACCEPT_LICENSE="* -@EULA"
  INPUT_DEVICES="evdev"
  VIDEO_CARDS="nvidia"


It should be noted that removing ''/usr/lib/systemd'' may be unsafe. While this particular example is irrelevant to Funtoo, sys-fs/udev installs its udev daemon there and the daemon is used by OpenRC as well. Therefore removing the directory results in defunct udev. Other packages may follow a similar logic of installing system daemons in ''/usr/lib/systemd'' while the daemons can be used on OpenRC systems.


== Possible changes for Funtoo ==
b) <code>/etc/fstab</code>
=== Consistent no-systemd setup by default ===
Since Funtoo does not support systemd, the explicit no-systemd mix-in seems redundant. Instead, the base profile could specifically:
# mask alternative udev providers,
# mask USE=systemd and other flags requiring systemd,
# disable installing systemd files in safe way.


=== systemd units controlled via USE flags ===
  # /etc/fstab: static file system information.
It has been suggested that the ebuilds installing systemd-related files can gain USE=systemd even for non-obtrusive uses. To avoid forking numerous ebuilds, this could be done via modifying ''systemd.eclass''. However, the eclass isn't suited for conditional install (and so aren't some build systems) and focuses on providing the install paths.
  #
  # The root filesystem should have a pass number of either 0 or 1.
  # All other filesystems should have a pass number of 0 or greater than 1.
  #
  # NOTE: If your BOOT partition is ReiserFS, add the notail option to opts.
  #
  # See the manpage fstab(5) for more information.
  #
  # <fs> <mountpoint> <type> <opts> <dump/pass>


Instead, the eclass could be modified to return a well-known discard directory — and the directory would be either added to INSTALL_MASK, or stripped directly in Portage. However, I don't see any clear advantage over using standard install locations and stripping them via INSTALL_MASK.
  /dev/sda1 /boot ext2 noauto,noatime 1 2
  #/dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,ro 0 0
  /dev/mapper/vg-swap    none          swap      sw                              0 0
  /dev/mapper/vg-root    /            ext4      noatime,nodiratime,defaults    0 1
  /dev/sr0                /mnt/cdrom    auto      noauto,ro                      0 0
  /dev/mapper/vg-home    /home        ext4      noatime,nodiratime              0 0
''' tmpfs /var/tmp/portage tmpfs uid=portage,gid=portage,mode=0775,size=16048M,noatime 0 0'''


=== Improved INSTALL_MASK handling ===
for tmpfs see: http://www.funtoo.org/Funtoo_Filesystem_Guide,_Part_3
A semi-related potential improvement is to port the features provided by {{Package|app-portage/install-mask}} directly into Portage. This would specifically involve:
# support for named sets of directories (alike USE flags), e.g. instead of ''/usr/lib/systemd/system /usr/lib/systemd/user …'', you'd use ''@systemd'',
# options to cause rebuilds/binpkg reinstalls when the files effectively installed by package would change (due to change in INSTALL_MASK),
# ''emaint'' function to directly remove files in directories added to INSTALL_MASK.


{{FLOPFooter}}
c) Since I have an encrypted LVM, one needs an initramfs. I prefer the genkernel method.
    genkernel --kernel-config=/path/to/your/custom-kernel-config --no-mrproper --makeopts=-j5 --install --lvm --luks all
more here: http://www.funtoo.org/Rootfs_over_encrypted_lvm or use better-initramfs: http://www.funtoo.org/Initramfs
 
d) My Funtoo Profiles:
  eselect profile show
 
  Currently set profiles:
    arch: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit
    build: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/current
  flavor: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/desktop
  mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/audio
  mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/console-extras
  mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/dvd
  mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/media
  mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/X
  Automatically enabled profiles:
  mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/print
  mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/X
  mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/audio
  mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/dvd
  mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/media
  mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/console-extras
 
 
'''2. Install your WindowManager or DesktopEnviroment'''
 
''My favourite Window Manager at the time is i3 followed by xfce and openbox.''
''Details about i3 & funtoo → http://www.funtoo.org/Package:I3_(Window_Manager) ''
'''i3 setup:'''
 
1) install these packages:
<console> emerge --ask i3 i3status dmenu lxappeareance
</console>
'' If you want to know what these packages are research them. I use lxappeareance to install and select gtk-themes.''
 
Config files:
 
'''1.''' xinitrc at <code>~/.xinitrc </code>
  exec ck-launch-session i3
''You only need --force-xinerama if you do have a nvidia grafics card that do not work without it. For more <code>startx</code> magic → https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/xinitrc''
 
'''2.'''  <code>~/.i3/config</code>
 
''specify window colors at the top of the file:''
  # class                border  backgr. text    indicator
  client.focused          #333333 #000000 #ffffff #000000
  client.focused_inactive #333333 #5f676a #ffffff #484e50
  client.unfocused        #333333 #222222 #888888 #292d2e
  client.urgent          #333333 #900000 #ffffff #900000
 
''specify the bar/workspace colors at the bottom of the file:''
 
  bar {
          status_command i3status
          # Bar color settings
          colors{
                  #background #000000
                  #statusline #ffffff
                  #separator  #666666
                  # Type            border  background font
                  focused_workspace  #008fff #007fff #ffffff
                  active_workspace  #333333 #5f676a #ffffff
                  inactive_workspace #333333 #222222 #888888
                  urgent_workspace  #aa0000 #990000 #ffffff
          }
  }
 
 
Do not forget the keymap setting at <code>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</code> otherwise you need to use <code>setxkbmap</code>
  Section "InputClass"
    Identifier        "keyboard-all"
    Driver            "evdev"
    MatchIsKeyboard    "on"
  ''' Option        "XkbLayout" "de"'''
  EndSection
 
'''3. '''Display Power Management Signaling
 
a) You can either use XScreenSaver(https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/XScreenSaver):
  emerge -a xscreensaver
 
and add <code>/usr/bin/xscreensaver -no-splash &</code> to your <code>~/.xinitrc</code> file:
 
  xscreensaver -no-splash &        # starts screensaver daemon
  exec ck-launch-session i3 --force-xinerama
 
or b) modifi your Xorg server (https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Display_Power_Management_Signaling).
 
'''4. '''Note: I login without a login manager using <code>startx</code> to start my Window Manager, you can end/exit your i3 wm via <code>alt or windows key + shift + e</code>
 
'''5.''' Background Image Viewer
 
a) Feh
<console> emerge -a feh</console>
<code>~/.xinitrc</code>:
  feh --bg-center <path>/<image>.png
 
''more options → https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Feh#As_a_desktop_wallpaper_manager ''
 
b) Nitrogen(GUI Programm)
<console> emerge -a nitrogen</console>
<code>~/.xinitrc</code>:
  exec --no-startup-id nitrogen --restore
'''additional software:'''
 
1) File Manager:
<console> emerge --ask thunar </console>
''thunar - filemanager that supports automounting''
''Make sure you create this rule: <code> /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/10-drives.rules</code>
  polkit.addRule(function(action, subject) {
  if (action.id.indexOf("org.freedesktop.udisks2.") == 0){
  return polkit.Result.YES;
  }
  }
  );
 
''Also you should have <code>udisk</code> installed''
 
2)
 
'''media-video/smplayer:'''
 
''allow smplayer always to floate, just add''
  for_window [class="smplayer" instance="smplayer"] floating enable
''to your <code>~/.i3/config</code>''
 
app-arch/file-roller
app-editors/bluefish
app-emulation/wine
app-misc/freemind
app-office/libreoffice
app-portage/eix
mail-client/thunderbird
media-gfx/blender
media-gfx/gimp
media-sound/audacity
media-video/kdenlive
 
 
media-video/vlc
net-analyzer/wireshark
net-ftp/filezilla
sys-apps/lm_sensors
virtual/jre
www-client/chromium
app-text/evince
app-text/calibre
app-emulation/virtualbox

Revision as of 20:16, February 16, 2015

WIM42GNU's Funtoo Setup

This is for everybody who might have seen my funtoo setup and liked it! This is also for myself to keep track on my system. I have used most of the Linux distributions out there and I am currently most happy with funtoo. My reasons are:

  1. Gentoo/Funtoo is a rolling release distribution, meaning you only have to install it once and update it frequently.
  2. Gentoo/Funtoo is only what you make out of it, no unnesecary rubish like in Ubuntu, OpenSuse or Fedora will be installed by default. In the mean time being aware that Gentoo/Funtoo is for advanced users not careing that much about GUIs for Settings or Configs.
  3. Gentoo/Funtoo runs fast due to multiple reasons. (Compiling your own software,USE-Flags,...)
  4. Philosophy, one would think that Slackware would suite me most (KISS,Unix) but the fact is that these distributions require you more energy and time to work with. I want to get my jobs done, not careing to much about the system. It is okay to have tools that do things for you as long they are designed well - like in funtoo.


1. Install Funtoo (not complete yet - I will update this part when I install funtoo the next time)

Follow the install instructions and setup a minimal system.http://www.funtoo.org/Funtoo_Linux_Installation

Notice you will need to create/edit some configs in the installation prozess. Here are some of mine customizations:

a) /etc/portage/make.conf:

 CFLAGS="-O2 -march=native -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
 CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"
 CPU_FLAGS_X86="aes avx fma4 mmx mmxext popcnt sse sse2 sse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 sse4a ssse3 xop"

for the CPU Flags checkout: http://www.funtoo.org/News:CPU_FLAGS_X86

 USE="qt3support theora libkms xa cdr dvd dvdr alsa ffmpeg -gnome gtk -qt4 -kde lm_sensors mp3 mp4 mozilla multilib png python sound udev usb unicode static-libs hddtemp -bluetooth  nvidia X pulseaudio udisks"
 EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="--keep-going"
 FEATURES="-collision-protect ccache"
 CCACHE_SIZE="1G"
 PORTAGE_NICENESS=20
 PORTAGE_IONICE_COMMAND="ionice -c 3 -p \${PID}"
 #EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="--jobs=12" 
 MAKEOPTS="-j12" <--- Number of CPU cores *2 in my case works best.
 LANG="de_DE.UTF-8" 
 LINGUAS="de"  
 ACCEPT_LICENSE="* -@EULA" 
 INPUT_DEVICES="evdev"
 VIDEO_CARDS="nvidia"


b) /etc/fstab

 # /etc/fstab: static file system information.
 #
 # The root filesystem should have a pass number of either 0 or 1.
 # All other filesystems should have a pass number of 0 or greater than 1.
 #
 # NOTE: If your BOOT partition is ReiserFS, add the notail option to opts.
 #
 # See the manpage fstab(5) for more information.
 #
 # <fs>			<mountpoint>	<type>		<opts>		<dump/pass>
 /dev/sda1		/boot		ext2		noauto,noatime	1 2
 #/dev/cdrom		/mnt/cdrom	auto		noauto,ro	0 0
 /dev/mapper/vg-swap     none          swap      sw                              0 0
 /dev/mapper/vg-root     /             ext4      noatime,nodiratime,defaults     0 1
 /dev/sr0                /mnt/cdrom    auto      noauto,ro                       0 0
 /dev/mapper/vg-home     /home         ext4      noatime,nodiratime              0 0
 tmpfs		/var/tmp/portage	tmpfs	uid=portage,gid=portage,mode=0775,size=16048M,noatime	0 0

for tmpfs see: http://www.funtoo.org/Funtoo_Filesystem_Guide,_Part_3

c) Since I have an encrypted LVM, one needs an initramfs. I prefer the genkernel method.

   genkernel --kernel-config=/path/to/your/custom-kernel-config --no-mrproper --makeopts=-j5 --install --lvm --luks all 

more here: http://www.funtoo.org/Rootfs_over_encrypted_lvm or use better-initramfs: http://www.funtoo.org/Initramfs

d) My Funtoo Profiles:

 eselect profile show
 
 Currently set profiles:
    arch: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit
   build: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/current
  flavor: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/desktop
 mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/audio
 mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/console-extras
 mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/dvd
 mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/media
 mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/X

 Automatically enabled profiles:
 mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/print
 mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/X
 mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/audio
 mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/dvd
 mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/media
 mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/console-extras


2. Install your WindowManager or DesktopEnviroment

My favourite Window Manager at the time is i3 followed by xfce and openbox. Details about i3 & funtoo → http://www.funtoo.org/Package:I3_(Window_Manager) i3 setup:

1) install these packages:

 emerge --ask i3 i3status dmenu lxappeareance

If you want to know what these packages are research them. I use lxappeareance to install and select gtk-themes.

Config files:

1. xinitrc at ~/.xinitrc

 exec ck-launch-session i3

You only need --force-xinerama if you do have a nvidia grafics card that do not work without it. For more startx magic → https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/xinitrc

2. ~/.i3/config

specify window colors at the top of the file:

 # class                 border  backgr. text    indicator
 client.focused          #333333 #000000 #ffffff #000000
 client.focused_inactive #333333 #5f676a #ffffff #484e50
 client.unfocused        #333333 #222222 #888888 #292d2e
 client.urgent           #333333 #900000 #ffffff #900000

specify the bar/workspace colors at the bottom of the file:

 bar {
         status_command i3status
         # Bar color settings
         colors{
                 #background #000000
                 #statusline #ffffff
                 #separator  #666666
                 # Type             border  background font
                 focused_workspace  #008fff #007fff #ffffff
                 active_workspace   #333333 #5f676a #ffffff
                 inactive_workspace #333333 #222222 #888888
                 urgent_workspace   #aa0000 #990000 #ffffff
         }
 }


Do not forget the keymap setting at /etc/X11/xorg.conf otherwise you need to use setxkbmap

 Section "InputClass"
   Identifier         "keyboard-all"
   Driver             "evdev"
   MatchIsKeyboard    "on"
   Option         "XkbLayout" "de"
 EndSection

3. Display Power Management Signaling

a) You can either use XScreenSaver(https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/XScreenSaver):

 emerge -a xscreensaver

and add /usr/bin/xscreensaver -no-splash & to your ~/.xinitrc file:

 xscreensaver -no-splash &         # starts screensaver daemon 
 exec ck-launch-session i3 --force-xinerama 

or b) modifi your Xorg server (https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Display_Power_Management_Signaling).

4. Note: I login without a login manager using startx to start my Window Manager, you can end/exit your i3 wm via alt or windows key + shift + e

5. Background Image Viewer

a) Feh

 emerge -a feh

~/.xinitrc:

  feh --bg-center <path>/<image>.png

more options → https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Feh#As_a_desktop_wallpaper_manager

b) Nitrogen(GUI Programm)

 emerge -a nitrogen

~/.xinitrc:

  exec --no-startup-id nitrogen --restore

additional software:

1) File Manager:

 emerge --ask thunar 

thunar - filemanager that supports automounting Make sure you create this rule: /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/10-drives.rules

 polkit.addRule(function(action, subject) {
 if (action.id.indexOf("org.freedesktop.udisks2.") == 0){
 return polkit.Result.YES;
 }
 }
 );

Also you should have udisk installed

2)

media-video/smplayer:

allow smplayer always to floate, just add

 for_window [class="smplayer" instance="smplayer"] floating enable

to your ~/.i3/config

app-arch/file-roller app-editors/bluefish app-emulation/wine app-misc/freemind app-office/libreoffice app-portage/eix mail-client/thunderbird media-gfx/blender media-gfx/gimp media-sound/audacity media-video/kdenlive


media-video/vlc net-analyzer/wireshark net-ftp/filezilla sys-apps/lm_sensors virtual/jre www-client/chromium app-text/evince app-text/calibre app-emulation/virtualbox