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This page covers the Funtoo Linux profile system -- how it works, what profiles are available, and how to use [[#Using epro|{{c|epro}}]] to set and change profile settings.
Esta página cobre o sistema de "profile" do Funtoo Linux -- como ele funciona, quais profiles estão disponíveis, e como usá-los [[#Using epro|{{c|epro}}]] para definir e mudar as configurações do profile.
== Profile Types ==


Historically, users have had to add a large number of settings to [[Make.conf|{{c|/etc/make.conf}}]] to customize their Gentoo or Funtoo Linux system, which made setup of the operating system more difficult than it should be. In Gentoo Linux, it is possible to only define one ''system profile''. Think of a system profile as the default settings that Portage uses for building everything on your system. Rather than a single profile, Funtoo Linux uses multiple sub-profiles, and moves many types of settings that are normally stored in {{c|/etc/make.conf}} into the profile system. The following profile types are available in Funtoo Linux:
 
== Tipos de Profiles ==
 
Historicamente, usuários precisavam adicionar muitas configurações ao [[Make.conf|{{c|/etc/make.conf}}]] para personalizar seus sistemas Gentoo ou Funtoo Linux, o que tornava a configuração do sistema operacional mais difícil do que deveria. No Gentoo Linux, é possível definir apenas um "perfil de sistema". Pense no sistema de profile como configurações padronizadas usadas pelo Portage para construir tudo no seu sistema. Ao invés de um único profile, Funtoo Linux utiliza vários sub-profiles, e envia vários tipos de configuração, normalmente armazenadas em {{c|/etc/make.conf}} para o sistema de profiles. Os seguintes tipos de profiles estão disponíveis para Funtoo Linux:


{{TableStart}}
{{TableStart}}
{{2ColHead|Sub-Profile Type|Description}}
{{2ColHead|Tipo de Sub-Profile |Descrição}}
{{2Col|{{c|arch}}|Typically {{c|x86-32bit}} or {{c|x86-64bit}}, this defines the processor type and support of your system. This is defined when your stage was built and should not be changed.}}
{{2Col|{{c|arch}}|Tipicamente {{c|x86-32bit}} ou {{c|x86-64bit}}, isso define o suporte ao tipo de processador do sistema. É definido quando o stage é construído e não pode ser mudado.}}
{{2Col|{{c|build}}|Defines whether your system is a {{c|current}}, {{c|stable}} or {{c|experimental}} build. {{c|current}} systems will have newer packages unmasked than {{c|stable}} systems. This is defined when your stage is built and is typically not changed.}}
{{2Col|{{c|build}}|Define se seu sistema é {{c|current}}, {{c|stable}} ou {{c|experimental}}. Sistema {{c|current}} tem mais pacotes novos desmascarados que sistemas {{c|stable}}. É definido quando o stage é construído e normalmente não é alterado.}}
{{2Col|{{c|subarch}}|Defines CPU optimizations for your system. The subarch is set at the time the stage3 is built, but can be changed later to better settings if necessary. Be sure to pick a setting that is compatible with your CPU.}}
{{2Col|{{c|subarch}}|Define a otimização para CPU do sistema. É definido na construção do stage3, mas pode ser alterado depois, se necessário. Esteja certo da compatibilidade com seu CPU.}}
{{2Col|{{c|flavor}}|Defines the general type of system, such as {{c|server}} or {{c|desktop}}, and will set default USE flags appropriate for your needs.}}
{{2Col|{{c|flavor}}|Define o tipo geral do sistema que pode ser {{c|server}} ou {{c|desktop}}, e irá definir USE flags apropriadas para cada situação.}}
{{2Col|{{c|mix-ins}}|Defines various optional settings that you may be interested in enabling.}}
{{2Col|{{c|mix-ins}}|Define várias configurações opcionais que podem ser de seu interesse.}}
{{TableEnd}}
{{TableEnd}}


{{Note|Flavors can (and often do) inherit settings from other flavors and mix-ins. Mix-ins can also inherit settings from other mix-ins. For example, {{c|X}} is inherited by {{c|gnome}}. The {{c|epro}} tool will show both as being enabled so there are no surprises.}}
{{Note|Flavors podem (e irão) influenciar nas configurações de outros flavors e mix-ins. Mix-ins podem alterar configurações de outros mix-ins. Por exemplo, {{c|X}} é exigido pelo {{c|gnome}}. A ferramenta {{c|epro}} irá mostrar ambas ativadas, assim não haverá surpresas.}}


=== Using epro ===
=== Usando epro ===


{{c|epro show}} will display the current profile settings on your system:
{{c|epro show}} mostrará as configurações do profile atual do seu sistema.
{{console|body=
{{console|body=
# ##i## epro show
# ##i## epro show
Line 55: Line 56:
                           ##c##print##!c## (from desktop flavor)
                           ##c##print##!c## (from desktop flavor)
}}
}}
To view all available sub-profile settings, use {{c|epro list}}:
Para ver todas os sub-profiles disponíveis, use {{c|epro list}}:
{{console|body=# ##i## epro list}}
{{console|body=# ##i## epro list}}
Enabled profiles will be highlighted in cyan. Directly enabled profiles will be in bold and have an asterisk {{c|*}} appended. Sub-profiles enabled via inheritance will be highlighted.
Profiles habilitados aparecerão na cor ciano. Profiles habilitados diretamente ficam em negrito e possuem um asterisco {{c|*}} junto. Sub-profiles habilitados indiretamente aparecem destacados.


==== Usage Examples ====
==== Exemplos de uso ====


{{TableStart}}
{{TableStart}}
{{2Col|Add the mix-ins {{c|gnome}} and {{c|kde}}|{{console|body=# ##i## epro mix-ins +gnome +kde}}}}
{{2Col|Adicionar o mix-ins {{c|gnome}} e {{c|kde}}|{{console|body=# ##i## epro mix-ins +gnome +kde}}}}
{{2Col|Remove a mix-in, for example {{c|gnome}}|{{console|body=# ##i## epro mix-ins -gnome}}}}
{{2Col|Remover mix-in, por exemplo {{c|gnome}}|{{console|body=# ##i## epro mix-ins -gnome}}}}
{{2Col|Change the profile arch to x86-64bit|{{console|body=# ##i## epro arch x86-64bit}}}}
{{2Col|Alterar o arch profile para x86-64bit|{{console|body=# ##i## epro arch x86-64bit}}}}
{{2Col|Change the subarch to {{c|generic_64}}|{{console|body=# ##i## epro subarch generic_64}}}}
{{2Col|Alterar subarch para {{c|generic_64}}|{{console|body=# ##i## epro subarch generic_64}}}}
{{2Col|Change the system flavor|{{console|body=# ##i## epro flavor desktop}}}}
{{2Col|Mudar o flavor do sistema|{{console|body=# ##i## epro flavor desktop}}}}
{{2Col|Get JSON output of profile settings|{{console|body=# ##i## epro show-json}}}}
{{2Col|Obter saídas JSON das configurações do profile|{{console|body=# ##i## epro show-json}}}}
{{2Col|Get current sub-profile setting in text form|{{console|body=# ##i## epro get [profiletype]}}}}
{{2Col|Obter sub-profile atual em formato texto|{{console|body=# ##i## epro get [tipodoprofile]}}}}
{{TableEnd}}
{{TableEnd}}


== Flavors ==
== Flavors ==


A system can have only one flavor profile enabled at a time. The following flavors are available:
Um sistema pode ter apenas um flavor habilitado por vez. Os seguintes flavors estão disponpiveis:


{{TableStart}}
{{TableStart}}
{{2ColHead|Flavor|Description}}
{{2ColHead|Flavor|Description}}
<tr><td>{{c|minimal}}</td><td>This contains the bare minimum settings for all Funtoo Linux flavors.</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{c|minimal}}</td><td>Comtém as mínimas configurações para todos os flavors do Funtoo Linux.</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{c|core}}</td><td>The core flavor includes the minimal flavor, plus reasonable settings, and is used for the [[Funtoo_Linux_Installation#Installing_the_Stage_3_tarball|official stage3 downloads]].</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{c|core}}</td><td>O core flavor inclui o minimal flavor, além de outras configurações comumente usadas em  [[Funtoo_Linux_Installation#Installing_the_Stage_3_tarball|official stage3 downloads]].</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{c|server}}</td><td>In the future, the server flavor will include the core flavor, plus specific settings designed for servers. At the moment, it is equivalent to the core flavor.</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{c|server}}</td><td>No futuro, server flavor incluirá o core flavor e configurações específicas para servidores. Atualmente é igual ao core flavor.</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{c|workstation}}</td><td>The workstation flavor is a minimal desktop system. It includes the core flavor, plus these mix-ins: {{c|X}}, {{c|audio}}, {{c|dvd}}, {{c|media}} and {{c|console-extras}}.</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{c|workstation}}</td><td>The workstation flavor é um sistema desktop mínimo. Ele inclui o core flavor, mais os seguintes mix-ins: {{c|X}}, {{c|audio}}, {{c|dvd}}, {{c|media}} and {{c|console-extras}}.</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{c|desktop}}</td><td>The desktop flavor includes the common settings for any full-featured desktop system. It includes the {{c|workstation}} flavor plus {{c|printing}} support. The user is expected to further customize their system with a desktop environment of choice, such as KDE, GNOME, or XFCE, possibly by using a mix-in.</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{c|desktop}}</td><td>O desktop flavor inclui configurações comuns para um desktop completo. Ele inclui o {{c|workstation}} flavor mais suporte a {{c|printing}}. Espera-se que o usuário personalizará seu desktop com algum ambiente como KDE, GNOME ou Xfce, através de mix-in.</td></tr>
{{TableEnd}}
{{TableEnd}}


== Mix-ins ==
== Mix-ins ==


A system can have any number of mix-ins enabled at a time. The following mix-ins are available:
Um sistema pode ter vários mix-ins habilitados ao mesmo tempo. Os seguinte mix-ins estão disponíveis:


{{TableStart}}
{{TableStart}}
Line 103: Line 104:
{{TableEnd}}
{{TableEnd}}


=== Media Device Mix-ins ===
=== Dispositivos Media Mix-Ins ===


Media device mix-ins have been created to support media devices, including external and portable devices, and associated low-level hardware support and hardware-focused codecs. Media devices have been categorized into audio and video categories, and consumer and professional categories. "Consumer" devices are those devices that regular desktop users might typically use, while "professional" devices are those that professionals, hobbyists or enthusiasts would typically use. Here are the new mix-ins for media devices:
Media device mix-ins have been created to support media devices, including external and portable devices, and associated low-level hardware support and hardware-focused codecs. Media devices have been categorized into audio and video categories, and consumer and professional categories. "Consumer" devices are those devices that regular desktop users might typically use, while "professional" devices are those that professionals, hobbyists or enthusiasts would typically use. Here are the new mix-ins for media devices:
Line 116: Line 117:
{{TableEnd}}
{{TableEnd}}


=== Media Format Mix-ins ===
=== Formato Media Mix-ins ===


Media format mix-ins have been created to support media formats for reading, writing, encoding and decoding images, audio and video. They have been organized into a "common" collection, for popular formats, and an "extra" collection, which is intended to include "everything else". Let's look at the new mix-ins:
Media format mix-ins have been created to support media formats for reading, writing, encoding and decoding images, audio and video. They have been organized into a "common" collection, for popular formats, and an "extra" collection, which is intended to include "everything else". Let's look at the new mix-ins:
Line 130: Line 131:
{{TableEnd}}
{{TableEnd}}


=== How to Use Media Mix-Ins ===
=== Como usar Media Mix-Ins ===


Our existing {{c|media}} mix-in still exists, and is still pulled in by the {{c|desktop}} and {{c|workstation}} flavors automatically. It now includes the following parent mix-ins:
Our existing {{c|media}} mix-in still exists, and is still pulled in by the {{c|desktop}} and {{c|workstation}} flavors automatically. It now includes the following parent mix-ins:
Line 147: Line 148:
So typically, you would enable the {{c|desktop}} or {{c|workstation}} flavor, and if you need professional hardware support, you'd also enable the {{c|media-pro}} mix-in. If you needed any additional media formats support, you could enable one or more of the {{c|mediaformat-*-extra}} mix-ins to add the formats you needed. Of course, it's possible to enable only the specific mix-ins you need, and also complement these mix-ins with specific USE variable settings you might require.
So typically, you would enable the {{c|desktop}} or {{c|workstation}} flavor, and if you need professional hardware support, you'd also enable the {{c|media-pro}} mix-in. If you needed any additional media formats support, you could enable one or more of the {{c|mediaformat-*-extra}} mix-ins to add the formats you needed. Of course, it's possible to enable only the specific mix-ins you need, and also complement these mix-ins with specific USE variable settings you might require.


=== How Profile Settings are Stored ===
=== Como os Profiles são Armazenados ===


Funtoo Linux stores its profile settings in the {{f|/etc/portage/make.profile/parent}} file. Typically, users don't need to modify this file, instead using {{c|ego}} and {{c|epro}} to make changes, but it can be handy to take a look at what the contents of the file look like. A simple server might have profile settings as follows:
Funtoo Linux stores its profile settings in the {{f|/etc/portage/make.profile/parent}} file. Typically, users don't need to modify this file, instead using {{c|ego}} and {{c|epro}} to make changes, but it can be handy to take a look at what the contents of the file look like. A simple server might have profile settings as follows:
Line 155: Line 156:
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/core
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/core
}}
}}
Profile settings for a desktop might look like this:
Configurações de profile para desktop devem se parecer como isto:
{{file|name=/etc/portage/make.profile/parent|body=
{{file|name=/etc/portage/make.profile/parent|body=
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit
Line 163: Line 164:
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/media
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/media
}}
}}
== History and Origins ==
== História e Origens ==


This new system is really a completion of the original cascading profile design that was co-designed by Daniel Robbins and Seemant Kulleen and implemented by Seemant Kulleen as part of Portage. Funtoo Profiles designed to leverage the existing cascading profile system and provide something much more useable and maintainable for users and developers alike. Here are some of its benefits:
This new system is really a completion of the original cascading profile design that was co-designed by Daniel Robbins and Seemant Kulleen and implemented by Seemant Kulleen as part of Portage. Funtoo Profiles designed to leverage the existing cascading profile system and provide something much more useable and maintainable for users and developers alike. Here are some of its benefits:
Line 171: Line 172:
* User flexibility - any number of mix-ins can be enabled to tweak masks or USE settings as needed.
* User flexibility - any number of mix-ins can be enabled to tweak masks or USE settings as needed.


{{note|See [[Custom Profiles]] for information on how to extend the profile system.}}
{{note|Veja [[Custom Profiles]] para informações sobre como expandir o sistema de profile.}}
[[Category:Funtoo features]]
[[Category:Funtoo features]]
[[Category:Portage]]
[[Category:Portage]]
[[Category:HOWTO]]
[[Category:HOWTO]]
[[Category:Official Documentation]]
[[Category:Official Documentation]]

Revision as of 15:53, August 18, 2015

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Esta página cobre o sistema de "profile" do Funtoo Linux -- como ele funciona, quais profiles estão disponíveis, e como usá-los epro para definir e mudar as configurações do profile.


Tipos de Profiles

Historicamente, usuários precisavam adicionar muitas configurações ao /etc/make.conf para personalizar seus sistemas Gentoo ou Funtoo Linux, o que tornava a configuração do sistema operacional mais difícil do que deveria. No Gentoo Linux, é possível definir apenas um "perfil de sistema". Pense no sistema de profile como configurações padronizadas usadas pelo Portage para construir tudo no seu sistema. Ao invés de um único profile, Funtoo Linux utiliza vários sub-profiles, e envia vários tipos de configuração, normalmente armazenadas em /etc/make.conf para o sistema de profiles. Os seguintes tipos de profiles estão disponíveis para Funtoo Linux:

Tipo de Sub-Profile Descrição
archTipicamente x86-32bit ou x86-64bit, isso define o suporte ao tipo de processador do sistema. É definido quando o stage é construído e não pode ser mudado.
buildDefine se seu sistema é current, stable ou experimental. Sistema current tem mais pacotes novos desmascarados que sistemas stable. É definido quando o stage é construído e normalmente não é alterado.
subarchDefine a otimização para CPU do sistema. É definido na construção do stage3, mas pode ser alterado depois, se necessário. Esteja certo da compatibilidade com seu CPU.
flavorDefine o tipo geral do sistema que pode ser server ou desktop, e irá definir USE flags apropriadas para cada situação.
mix-insDefine várias configurações opcionais que podem ser de seu interesse.
   Note

Flavors podem (e irão) influenciar nas configurações de outros flavors e mix-ins. Mix-ins podem alterar configurações de outros mix-ins. Por exemplo, X é exigido pelo gnome. A ferramenta epro irá mostrar ambas ativadas, assim não haverá surpresas.

Usando epro

epro show mostrará as configurações do profile atual do seu sistema. 

root #  epro show

=== Enabled Profiles: ===

        arch:  x86-64bit
       build:  current
     subarch:  intel64-haswell
      flavor:  desktop
     mix-ins:  gnome


=== All inherited flavors from desktop flavor: ===

                     workstation (from desktop flavor)
                            core (from workstation flavor)
                         minimal (from core flavor)

=== All inherited mix-ins from desktop flavor: ===

                               X (from workstation flavor)
                           audio (from workstation flavor)
                             dvd (from workstation flavor)
                           media (from workstation flavor)
      mediadevice-audio-consumer (from media mix-in)
                mediadevice-base (from mediadevice-audio-consumer mix-in)
      mediadevice-video-consumer (from media mix-in)
                mediadevice-base (from mediadevice-video-consumer mix-in)
        mediaformat-audio-common (from media mix-in)
          mediaformat-gfx-common (from media mix-in)
        mediaformat-video-common (from media mix-in)
                  console-extras (from workstation flavor)
                           print (from desktop flavor)

Para ver todas os sub-profiles disponíveis, use epro list: 

root #  epro list

Profiles habilitados aparecerão na cor ciano. Profiles habilitados diretamente ficam em negrito e possuem um asterisco * junto. Sub-profiles habilitados indiretamente aparecem destacados.

Exemplos de uso

Adicionar o mix-ins gnome e kde
root #  epro mix-ins +gnome +kde
Remover mix-in, por exemplo gnome
root #  epro mix-ins -gnome
Alterar o arch profile para x86-64bit
root #  epro arch x86-64bit
Alterar subarch para generic_64
root #  epro subarch generic_64
Mudar o flavor do sistema
root #  epro flavor desktop
Obter saídas JSON das configurações do profile
root #  epro show-json
Obter sub-profile atual em formato texto
root #  epro get [tipodoprofile]

Flavors

Um sistema pode ter apenas um flavor habilitado por vez. Os seguintes flavors estão disponpiveis:

FlavorDescription
minimalComtém as mínimas configurações para todos os flavors do Funtoo Linux.
coreO core flavor inclui o minimal flavor, além de outras configurações comumente usadas em official stage3 downloads.
serverNo futuro, server flavor incluirá o core flavor e configurações específicas para servidores. Atualmente é igual ao core flavor.
workstationThe workstation flavor é um sistema desktop mínimo. Ele inclui o core flavor, mais os seguintes mix-ins: X, audio, dvd, media and console-extras.
desktopO desktop flavor inclui configurações comuns para um desktop completo. Ele inclui o workstation flavor mais suporte a printing. Espera-se que o usuário personalizará seu desktop com algum ambiente como KDE, GNOME ou Xfce, através de mix-in.

Mix-ins

Um sistema pode ter vários mix-ins habilitados ao mesmo tempo. Os seguinte mix-ins estão disponíveis:

Mix-inDescription
audioEnables core audio-related settings, currently related to ALSA.
console-extrasEnables things that are nice to have for console-only systems. Currently enabling gpm in USE.
dvdUSE settings related to optical drives -- CDR/DVD-ROM/RW use.
gnomeUSE and package.use settings required to merge GNOME. Designed to be used with desktop or workstation flavor.
hardenedEnables hardened support.
kdeUSE and package.use settings required to merge KDE. Designed to be used with desktop or workstation flavor.
mediaUSE settings related to audio/video media encoding. Can be for desktops or servers.
printEnables printing capability.
vmware-guestSettings related to using Funtoo Linux as a VMWare virtual machine guest.
XSettings related to the X Window System and hardware support.
xfceUSE settings required for merging XFCE.

Dispositivos Media Mix-Ins

Media device mix-ins have been created to support media devices, including external and portable devices, and associated low-level hardware support and hardware-focused codecs. Media devices have been categorized into audio and video categories, and consumer and professional categories. "Consumer" devices are those devices that regular desktop users might typically use, while "professional" devices are those that professionals, hobbyists or enthusiasts would typically use. Here are the new mix-ins for media devices:

Media Device Mix-inDescription
mediadevice-baseCommon, universally-supported media devices, like IEEE-1394 (Firewire), CDDA, CDIO. Other mediadevice mix-ins have this as a parent.
mediadevice-audio-consumerConsumer audio devices, such as personal portable media players (iOS, iPod, etc.)
mediadevice-audio-proPro audio support, such as JACK.
mediadevice-video-consumerConsumer video support, such as DVD, Blu Ray, V4L
mediadevice-video-proPro video support, such as dv, dc1394.

Formato Media Mix-ins

Media format mix-ins have been created to support media formats for reading, writing, encoding and decoding images, audio and video. They have been organized into a "common" collection, for popular formats, and an "extra" collection, which is intended to include "everything else". Let's look at the new mix-ins:

Media Format Mix-inDescription
mediaformat-video-commonCommon (ie. popular) video formats.
mediaformat-video-extraMore esoteric video formats.
mediaformat-audio-commonCommon (ie. popular) audio formats.
mediaformat-audio-extraMore esoteric audio formats.
mediaformat-gfx-commonCommon (ie. popular) graphics formats.
mediaformat-gfx-extraMore esoteric graphics formats.

Como usar Media Mix-Ins

Our existing media mix-in still exists, and is still pulled in by the desktop and workstation flavors automatically. It now includes the following parent mix-ins:

  • mediadevice-audio-consumer
  • mediadevice-video-consumer
  • mediaformat-audio-common
  • mediaformat-gfx-common
  • mediaformat-video-common

In addition, there is a new media-pro mix-in which needs to be enabled manually, which pulls in the following mix-ins:

  • mediadevice-audio-pro
  • mediadevice-video-pro

So typically, you would enable the desktop or workstation flavor, and if you need professional hardware support, you'd also enable the media-pro mix-in. If you needed any additional media formats support, you could enable one or more of the mediaformat-*-extra mix-ins to add the formats you needed. Of course, it's possible to enable only the specific mix-ins you need, and also complement these mix-ins with specific USE variable settings you might require.

Como os Profiles são Armazenados

Funtoo Linux stores its profile settings in the /etc/portage/make.profile/parent file. Typically, users don't need to modify this file, instead using ego and epro to make changes, but it can be handy to take a look at what the contents of the file look like. A simple server might have profile settings as follows:

   /etc/portage/make.profile/parent 
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/current
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/core

Configurações de profile para desktop devem se parecer como isto:

   /etc/portage/make.profile/parent 
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/current
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/desktop
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/dvd
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/media

História e Origens

This new system is really a completion of the original cascading profile design that was co-designed by Daniel Robbins and Seemant Kulleen and implemented by Seemant Kulleen as part of Portage. Funtoo Profiles designed to leverage the existing cascading profile system and provide something much more useable and maintainable for users and developers alike. Here are some of its benefits:

  • Fewer settings in /etc/make.conf. CHOST and ARCH no longer set in /etc/make.conf.
  • Separation of concerns -- arch, build, and flavor-related settings are organized together.
  • User flexibility - any number of mix-ins can be enabled to tweak masks or USE settings as needed.
   Note

Veja Custom Profiles para informações sobre como expandir o sistema de profile.

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