Difference between revisions of "GNOME First Steps"

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== What is GNOME? ==
<blockquote>
"GNOME 3 is an easy and elegant way to use your computer. It is designed to put you in control and bring freedom to everybody. GNOME 3 is developed by the GNOME community, a diverse, international group of contributors that is supported by an independent, non-profit foundation." [http://gnome.org GNOME]
GNOME 3 is an easy and elegant way to use your computer. It is designed to put you in control and bring freedom to everybody. GNOME 3 is developed by the GNOME community, a diverse, international group of contributors that is supported by an independent, non-profit foundation." [http://gnome.org GNOME]
</blockquote>


== Prerequisites ==
=== Prerequisites ===
Before attempting to emerge Gnome, make sure that you have installed and tested the [[X Window System]] on your computer.


Before installing GNOME, ensure that the [[X Window System]] has been installed.
=== Preparing to emerge ===


{{fancywarning|1=
After verifying that you have installed the X Window system on your computer, change your system flavor to desktop, and enable the gnome profile mix-in. To accomplish this, run the following:
Please note that Linux kernel 3.15.* may still have serious incompatibility with various graphics drivers. If you like to use <tt>gentoo-sources</tt> or <tt>vanilla-sources</tt>, please use a 3.14.* kernel. This is of particular importance if you plan to run GNOME, and want to use NVIDIA (commercial or nouveau) or ATI (ati-drivers) graphics drivers.}}
{{console|body=
###i## epro flavor desktop
###i## epro mix-ins +gnome +gnome-3.16-fixups
}}
By enabling the gnome mix-in, various settings, including the {{c|USE}} portage variable, will be optimized to provide you with a relatively painless Gnome install.


== Preparing to emerge ==
=== Emerging ===
The Funtoo Linux repositories include two ebuild "meta packages" that can be used to install Gnome. One of them, {{c|gnome-light}} installs a bare-bones gnome desktop with few "extra" applications and games that can be found in the {{c|gnome-extra}} and {{c|games-*}} portage categories, respectively. If you are interested in having a Gnome desktop with extra applications like a photo viewer, text editor, sound player, font viewer, etc, immediately after installing the Gnome packages, consider emerging the {{c|gnome}} package instead of {{c|gnome-light}}.
{{Note|Individual Gnome applications can be installed on top of a {{c|gnome-light}} installation, allowing you to only install the applications you need and limit unnecessary bloat.}}
Below are two lists comparing some of the different packages installed by default with a {{c|gnome-light}} and {{c|gnome}} installation:
{{TableStart}}
<tr class="info"><th>{{c|gnome-light}}</th><th>{{c|gnome}}</th></tr>
<tr><td>'''Includes:'''
* {{c|gnome-terminal}}
* {{c|nautilus}} (the default Gnome file manager)
* {{c|gnome-shell}} (can be removed using the -gnome-shell {{c|USE}} flag at installation)
* {{c|gnome-control-center}}
</td><td> '''Includes:'''
* {{c|gnome-terminal}}
* {{c|nautilus}}
* {{c|gnome-shell}}
* {{c|gnome-control-center}}
* {{c|gnome-contacts}}
* {{c|eog}} (an image viewing application)
* {{c|gnome-weather}}
* {{c|gnome-maps}}
... and many other applications.
</td></tr>
<tr><td> '''Best for:'''
* Users who want a smaller installation that uses less disk space
* Users who are comfortable installing additional packages that they require when the need arises
</td><td>'''Best for:'''
* Users who want a full-featured Gnome desktop right after installation
* Users who don't mind extra resources being used by additional applications installed on the system
</td></tr>
<tr><td>'''How to install:'''
{{console|body=###i## emerge gnome-light}}
</td><td>'''How to install:'''
{{console|body=###i## emerge gnome}}
</td></tr>
{{TableEnd}}


To get your system ready to emerge gnome, it is recommended that you first set the gnome profile mix-in. To accomplish this, do the following:
=== A few finishing touches ===
<console>
==== OpenGL ====
##r### ##b## eselect profile list
GNOME uses OpenGL by default to help it provide nice animations and other eye candy, so you'll want to make sure that you use {{c|eselect opengl}} to ensure that the proper OpenGL implementation for your video card is selected. If this is not done, GNOME won't start, so it's important to check this. Type {{c|eselect opengl list}} as root to list OpenGL implementations, and {{c|eselect opengl set X}}, again as root, to set your OpenGL implementation to the one that you deem suitable.
##g##Currently available mix-ins profiles: 
==== Setting up xdm (GUI log-in) ====
  [11]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/audio 
Most users of Gnome are satisfied using {{c|gdm}}, the Gnome display manager, to log in to Gnome. To clarify: a display manager provides a graphical interface during system startup that allows users to log in to a desktop environment.
  [12]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/console-extras 
  [13]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/dvd 
  [14]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/gnome 
  [15]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/kde 
  [16]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/mate 
  [17]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/media 
  [18]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/print 
  [19]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/python3-only
  [20]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/rhel5-compat
  [21]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-db 
  [22]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-mail
  [23]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-web
  [24]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/X  
  [25]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/xfce
  [26]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/vmware-guest
  [27]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/hardened
</console>
After seeing a list of available profiles, we want to add in the appropriate number for the gnome mix-in. To do this, run the following:
<console>
##r### ##b##eselect profile add 14
</console>


By enabling the gnome mix-in, various USE and other settings will be optimized to provide you with a pain-free GNOME installation experience.
By default, GNOME displays the {{f|/etc/motd}} file for several seconds after you log in via GDM. The best way to eliminate this delay is to remove the unnecessary {{f|/etc/motd}} file, which only contains information related to when your stage3 was built:
{{console|body=
###i## rm /etc/motd
}}
By default, after installing Gnome, GDM is not enabled. To enable GDM, edit {{f|/etc/conf.d/xdm}} and set the {{c|DISPLAYMANAGER}} variable to {{c|gdm}} instead of the default, {{c|xdm}}. When finished, your {{f|/etc/conf.d/xdm}} file should look like:


== Emerging ==  
{{file|name=/etc/conf.d/xdm|body=
# We always try and start X on a static VT. The various DMs normally default
# to using VT7. If you wish to use the xdm init script, then you should ensure
# that the VT checked is the same VT your DM wants to use. We do this check to
# ensure that you haven't accidentally configured something to run on the VT
# in your /etc/inittab file so that you don't get a dead keyboard.
CHECKVT=7


You are provided with two packages that will pull in this desktop environment:
# What display manager do you use ?
# NOTE: If this is set in /etc/rc.conf, that setting will override this one.
DISPLAYMANAGER="gdm"
}}
Once you finish configuring that file, add the {{c|xdm}} service to the default runlevel so that GDM will start automatically when your system has finished loading other services.


* ''gnome''
{{Note|Funtoo's {{f|/etc/init.d/xdm}} initscript has been modified to start the requisite services {{c|dbus}}, {{c|openrc-settingsd}} and {{c|consolekit}} prior to starting GDM.}}


{{fancynote|This is the "whole shabang" - pulls in a range of applications made for the gnome desktop environment including a few games, an archive manager, a system monitor, a web browser, a terminal, etc.}}
{{console|body=
###i## rc-update add xdm default
}}
The above command adds xdm to the list of services to be started at boot. Since your system has already started, the xdm service will be started the next time the system is started. To run the xdm service now, you can execute the following command, which runs any services in the list of services to start at boot that are currently not running:


* ''gnome-light''
{{console|body=###i## rc}}
==== Setting up xinitrc (text-based log-in) ====
If, instead of using a display manager like GDM, you would rather log into the console and start Gnome from there, add the following to your {{f|~/.xinitrc}} file:
{{file|name=~/.xinitrc|body=
# Fix Missing Applications in Gnome
export XDG_MENU_PREFIX=gnome-


{{fancynote|As the name implies, this pulls in the base minimal you need to get a functioning GNOME Desktop Environment.}}
# Properly Launch the Desired X Session
exec ck-launch-session gnome-session
}}
{{Note|If you need support for different input sources, there is no longer a need to configure IBus or SCIM in your {{f|~.xinitrc}} file as GNOME uses IBus natively. Simply configure it in the Gnome Control Center under the Region & Language section.}}
=== Upgrading from GNOME 3.12 ===
To update either {{c|gnome-light}} or {{c|gnome}} to a newer version, run the following command:


=== GNOME 3.12 from a clean install ===
{{console|body=###i## emerge -vauDN world}}
 
=== Subsystems ===
==== gnome ====
==== Bluetooth ====
 
For bluetooth support under Gnome, ensure that:
To emerge ''gnome'' run the following command
# Bluetooth support is enabled within your kernel (using modules is fine).
 
<console>
# ##i## emerge -va gnome
</console>
 
==== gnome-light ====
 
To emerge ''gnome-light'' run the following command
 
<console>
# ##i## emerge -va gnome-light
</console>
 
=== Upgrading from GNOME 3.6 ===
 
==== gnome ====
 
To emerge ''gnome'', remove nautilus-open-terminal if it is installed as it now bundled into gnome-terminal
 
<console>
# ##i## emerge -vaC nautilus-open-terminal
</console>
 
Then, run the following command
 
<console>
# ##i## emerge -vauDN world
</console>
 
==== gnome-light ====
 
To emerge ''gnome-light'' remove the following packages as there have been changes since 3.6 (you will have up reinstall any packages that have been renamed after gnome-light completes).
 
<console>
# ##i## emerge -vaC gnome-fallback gnome-panel gnome-screensaver metacity gnome-games gcalctool nautilus-open-terminal
</console>
 
Then, run the following command
 
<console>
# ##i## emerge -vauDN world
</console>
 
Finally, restore any applications that have been renamed (such as gcalctool => gnome-calculator)
 
<console>
# ##i## emerge -va gnome-calculator
</console>
 
== Subsystems ==
 
=== Bluetooth ===
 
For bluetooth support, ensure that:
 
# Bluetooth support is enabled in your kernel (using modules is fine).
# Your bluetooth hardware is turned on.
# Your bluetooth hardware is turned on.
# Add the <code>bluetooth</code> startup script to the default runlevel, and start it.


This can be done as follows:
After ensuring those two things, the {{c|bluetooth}} startup script can be added to the default runlevel and started:
{{console|body=
###i## rc-update add bluetooth default
###i## rc
}}
Once the {{c|rc}} command has been run, the {{c|bluetooth}} init file has been run, meaning that you should now be able to navigate to the Gnome Control Center's '''Bluetooth''' section to turn bluetooth on. The icon next to devices should now animate and you should be able to discover and add devices such as bluetooth keyboards and mice.


<console>
{{Note|Additional kernel drivers may be necessary for certain input devices. For example, for the bluetooth Apple Magic Trackpad, the following option must be enabled in your kernel:
# ##i##rc-update add bluetooth default
# ##i##rc
</console>


Once this is done, you should now be able to navigate to ''Settings'' -> ''Bluetooth'' and turn bluetooth on. The icon next to devices should now animate and you should be able to discover and add devices such as keyboards.
{{kernelop|title=Device Drivers,HID support,HID bus support,Special HID drivers|desc=
<M> Apple Magic Mouse/Trackpad multi-touch support
}}}}


=== Printing ===
==== Printing ====
To enable printing support, add the {{c|cupsd}} init file to the default runlevel and then start the cupsd service by running the {{c|rc}} command:


To enable printing support, add <code>cupsd</code> to the default runlevel:
{{console|body=
###i## rc-update add cupsd default
###i## rc
}}
You should now be able to navigate to the Gnome Control Center's '''Printers''' sections and add printers to your system. After adding printers to your system, you should, hopefully, be able to print to them. If you have troubles with the default printer drivers, consider reading


<console>
==== Scanning ====
# ##i##rc-update add cupsd default
# ##i##rc
</console>


You should now be able to navigate to ''Settings'' -> ''Printers'' and add printers to your system, and print.
To enable scanning support, add your user account (and the accounts of any other users who may need to scan) to the {{c|lp}} group. By adding your user account to this group, you will have access to any locally attached scanner:
{{console|body=###i## gpasswd -a <username> lp}}
After adding yourself and any other desired users to the {{c|lp}} local printing group, install {{c|xsane}}, a graphical scanning frontend, by running the following command:
{{console|body=###i## emerge xsane}}
When you run {{c|xsane}}, it should be able to access your scanner.


=== Scanning ===
=== Automatically Starting Applications at Login ===
When using an old-fashioned {{~/.xinitrc}}, loading applications when X starts is relatively easy, simply add different applications to launch on separate lines in the file. When using GDM, this can also be accomplished with ease by editing the {{f|~/.xprofile}} file. Here is a sample {{f|~/.xprofile}} that runs the {{c|xflux}} application to dim a computer's monitor at night:


To enable scanning support, add your user account to the <code>lp</code> group. This will allow your user to access the USB scanner.
{{file|name=~/.xprofile|body=
 
xflux -z 87107
Then, <code>emerge xsane</code>, and run it. It should be able to access your scanner.
}}
 
== Finishing Touches ==
 
=== Set up a Display Manager ===
 
Typically, you will want to use <tt>gdm</tt>, the GNOME display manager, to log in to GNOME. This will allow you to log in graphically, rather than using the text console.


To enable gdm, edit <tt>/etc/conf.d/xdm</tt> and set <tt>DISPLAYMANAGER</tt> to <tt>gdm</tt> instead of <tt>xdm</tt>. Then, perform the following steps to add <tt>xdm</tt> to the default runlevel, and have it start automatically from now on when your system starts:
{{Note|Remember to add an {{c|&}} at the end of any command that doesn't return directly to the shell prompt after running.}}


<console>
=== Games ===
# ##i##rc-update add xdm default
Gnome has a plethora of games that can be added to your installation of either {{c|gnome-light}} or {{c|gnome}}.  By default, the majority of Gnome games are not included in the {{c|gnome}} and {{c|gnome-light}} packages. If you are interested in playing games under Gnome, or for that matter, any other desktop environment, you will want to add your user account to the {{c|games}} group. This can be accomplished easily by running the following command:
</console>
{{console|body=###i## gpasswd -a $USER games}}
The above command appends games to the list of groups that you are already a member of. Once your user account has been added to the {{c|games}} group, you should log out and log back in to apply the changes to your user at log-in. Below is a list of games that were developed by the Gnome team with the Gnome desktop environment in mind:


Then, if you want to start it now do
*gnome-sudoku
*gnome-mastermind
*gnome-nibbles
*gnome-robots
*gnome-chess
*gnome-hearts
*gnome-mahjongg
*gnome-mines
*gnome-klotski
*gnome-tetravex
*gnomeboyadvance
*gnome-mud


<console>
To install any of the above games, simply run an:
# ##i##rc
{{console|body=###i## emerge <gamename>}}
</console>
=== Significant Known Issues (Workarounds Available) ===


But you should reboot to avoid having an open login terminal
*[https://bugs.funtoo.org/browse/FL-1678 FL-1678]: Bluetooth interface gives wrong pairing key
 
=== Verify the inode/directory MimeType Handler ===
 
In some odd instances, baobab might take priority over nautilus when handling the inode/directory MimeType. If this behavior is not desired, add the following to /home/~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list:
 
<pre>
[Added Associations]
inode/directory=nautilus.desktop;baobab.desktop;
</pre>
 
=== Automatically Starting Applications at Login ===
 
When using an old-fashioned <tt>.xinitrc</tt>, starting up applications when X starts is relatively easy. When using GDM, this can still be accomplished, by using the <tt>~/.xprofile</tt> file. Here's my sample <tt>.xprofile</tt> to start <tt>xflux</tt> to dim the screen at night:
 
<pre>
xflux -z 87107
</pre>


Remember to add a <tt>&</tt> at the end of any command that doesn't return to the shell prompt after running.
*[https://bugs.funtoo.org/browse/FL-1687 FL-1687]: Wallpaper corruption when resuming from suspend


[[Category:Desktop Environments]]
[[Category:Desktop]]
[[Category:First Steps]]
[[Category:First Steps]]
[[Category:Official Documentation]]
[[Category:Official Documentation]]

Revision as of 13:22, November 24, 2015

GNOME 3 is an easy and elegant way to use your computer. It is designed to put you in control and bring freedom to everybody. GNOME 3 is developed by the GNOME community, a diverse, international group of contributors that is supported by an independent, non-profit foundation." GNOME

Prerequisites

Before attempting to emerge Gnome, make sure that you have installed and tested the X Window System on your computer.

Preparing to emerge

After verifying that you have installed the X Window system on your computer, change your system flavor to desktop, and enable the gnome profile mix-in. To accomplish this, run the following:

root # epro flavor desktop
root # epro mix-ins +gnome +gnome-3.16-fixups

By enabling the gnome mix-in, various settings, including the USE portage variable, will be optimized to provide you with a relatively painless Gnome install.

Emerging

The Funtoo Linux repositories include two ebuild "meta packages" that can be used to install Gnome. One of them, gnome-light installs a bare-bones gnome desktop with few "extra" applications and games that can be found in the gnome-extra and games-* portage categories, respectively. If you are interested in having a Gnome desktop with extra applications like a photo viewer, text editor, sound player, font viewer, etc, immediately after installing the Gnome packages, consider emerging the gnome package instead of gnome-light.

   Note

Individual Gnome applications can be installed on top of a gnome-light installation, allowing you to only install the applications you need and limit unnecessary bloat.

Below are two lists comparing some of the different packages installed by default with a gnome-light and gnome installation:

gnome-lightgnome
Includes:
  • gnome-terminal
  • nautilus (the default Gnome file manager)
  • gnome-shell (can be removed using the -gnome-shell USE flag at installation)
  • gnome-control-center
Includes:
  • gnome-terminal
  • nautilus
  • gnome-shell
  • gnome-control-center
  • gnome-contacts
  • eog (an image viewing application)
  • gnome-weather
  • gnome-maps

... and many other applications.

Best for:
  • Users who want a smaller installation that uses less disk space
  • Users who are comfortable installing additional packages that they require when the need arises
Best for:
  • Users who want a full-featured Gnome desktop right after installation
  • Users who don't mind extra resources being used by additional applications installed on the system
How to install:
root # emerge gnome-light
How to install:
root # emerge gnome

A few finishing touches

OpenGL

GNOME uses OpenGL by default to help it provide nice animations and other eye candy, so you'll want to make sure that you use eselect opengl to ensure that the proper OpenGL implementation for your video card is selected. If this is not done, GNOME won't start, so it's important to check this. Type eselect opengl list as root to list OpenGL implementations, and eselect opengl set X, again as root, to set your OpenGL implementation to the one that you deem suitable.

Setting up xdm (GUI log-in)

Most users of Gnome are satisfied using gdm, the Gnome display manager, to log in to Gnome. To clarify: a display manager provides a graphical interface during system startup that allows users to log in to a desktop environment.

By default, GNOME displays the /etc/motd file for several seconds after you log in via GDM. The best way to eliminate this delay is to remove the unnecessary /etc/motd file, which only contains information related to when your stage3 was built:

root # rm /etc/motd

By default, after installing Gnome, GDM is not enabled. To enable GDM, edit /etc/conf.d/xdm and set the DISPLAYMANAGER variable to gdm instead of the default, xdm. When finished, your /etc/conf.d/xdm file should look like:

   /etc/conf.d/xdm
# We always try and start X on a static VT. The various DMs normally default
# to using VT7. If you wish to use the xdm init script, then you should ensure
# that the VT checked is the same VT your DM wants to use. We do this check to
# ensure that you haven't accidentally configured something to run on the VT
# in your /etc/inittab file so that you don't get a dead keyboard.
CHECKVT=7

# What display manager do you use ?
# NOTE: If this is set in /etc/rc.conf, that setting will override this one.
DISPLAYMANAGER="gdm"

Once you finish configuring that file, add the xdm service to the default runlevel so that GDM will start automatically when your system has finished loading other services.

   Note

Funtoo's /etc/init.d/xdm initscript has been modified to start the requisite services dbus, openrc-settingsd and consolekit prior to starting GDM.

root # rc-update add xdm default

The above command adds xdm to the list of services to be started at boot. Since your system has already started, the xdm service will be started the next time the system is started. To run the xdm service now, you can execute the following command, which runs any services in the list of services to start at boot that are currently not running:

root # rc

Setting up xinitrc (text-based log-in)

If, instead of using a display manager like GDM, you would rather log into the console and start Gnome from there, add the following to your ~/.xinitrc file:

   ~/.xinitrc
# Fix Missing Applications in Gnome
export XDG_MENU_PREFIX=gnome-

# Properly Launch the Desired X Session
exec ck-launch-session gnome-session
   Note

If you need support for different input sources, there is no longer a need to configure IBus or SCIM in your ~.xinitrc file as GNOME uses IBus natively. Simply configure it in the Gnome Control Center under the Region & Language section.

Upgrading from GNOME 3.12

To update either gnome-light or gnome to a newer version, run the following command:

root # emerge -vauDN world

Subsystems

Bluetooth

For bluetooth support under Gnome, ensure that:

  1. Bluetooth support is enabled within your kernel (using modules is fine).
  2. Your bluetooth hardware is turned on.

After ensuring those two things, the bluetooth startup script can be added to the default runlevel and started:

root # rc-update add bluetooth default
root # rc

Once the rc command has been run, the bluetooth init file has been run, meaning that you should now be able to navigate to the Gnome Control Center's Bluetooth section to turn bluetooth on. The icon next to devices should now animate and you should be able to discover and add devices such as bluetooth keyboards and mice.

   Note

Additional kernel drivers may be necessary for certain input devices. For example, for the bluetooth Apple Magic Trackpad, the following option must be enabled in your kernel:

Under Device Drivers-->HID support-->HID bus support-->Special HID drivers:

<M> Apple Magic Mouse/Trackpad multi-touch support

Printing

To enable printing support, add the cupsd init file to the default runlevel and then start the cupsd service by running the rc command:

root # rc-update add cupsd default
root # rc

You should now be able to navigate to the Gnome Control Center's Printers sections and add printers to your system. After adding printers to your system, you should, hopefully, be able to print to them. If you have troubles with the default printer drivers, consider reading

Scanning

To enable scanning support, add your user account (and the accounts of any other users who may need to scan) to the lp group. By adding your user account to this group, you will have access to any locally attached scanner:

root # gpasswd -a <username> lp

After adding yourself and any other desired users to the lp local printing group, install xsane, a graphical scanning frontend, by running the following command:

root # emerge xsane

When you run xsane, it should be able to access your scanner.

Automatically Starting Applications at Login

When using an old-fashioned Template:~/.xinitrc, loading applications when X starts is relatively easy, simply add different applications to launch on separate lines in the file. When using GDM, this can also be accomplished with ease by editing the ~/.xprofile file. Here is a sample ~/.xprofile that runs the xflux application to dim a computer's monitor at night:

   ~/.xprofile
xflux -z 87107
   Note

Remember to add an & at the end of any command that doesn't return directly to the shell prompt after running.

Games

Gnome has a plethora of games that can be added to your installation of either gnome-light or gnome. By default, the majority of Gnome games are not included in the gnome and gnome-light packages. If you are interested in playing games under Gnome, or for that matter, any other desktop environment, you will want to add your user account to the games group. This can be accomplished easily by running the following command:

root # gpasswd -a $USER games

The above command appends games to the list of groups that you are already a member of. Once your user account has been added to the games group, you should log out and log back in to apply the changes to your user at log-in. Below is a list of games that were developed by the Gnome team with the Gnome desktop environment in mind:

  • gnome-sudoku
  • gnome-mastermind
  • gnome-nibbles
  • gnome-robots
  • gnome-chess
  • gnome-hearts
  • gnome-mahjongg
  • gnome-mines
  • gnome-klotski
  • gnome-tetravex
  • gnomeboyadvance
  • gnome-mud

To install any of the above games, simply run an:

root # emerge <gamename>

Significant Known Issues (Workarounds Available)

  • FL-1678: Bluetooth interface gives wrong pairing key
  • FL-1687: Wallpaper corruption when resuming from suspend