Difference between pages "Java Configuration Design Update" and "Funtoo Linux Localization/pt-br"

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This page describes a potential update to the Java support code in Gentoo and Funtoo Linux, with the intention of simplifying <tt>java-config</tt> code and also making it more correct and better integrated with Portage itself. The proposal intends to address deficiencies in the current design of <tt>java-utils-2.eclass</tt> while maintaining its useful features and avoiding a full rewrite. Rather than replace the current system with more code, the goal is to simplify the existing code while retaining functionality, while allowing a graceful migration of advanced functionality inside Portage itself.
== Definir Idioma Padrão ==


{{fancytip|Please post comments on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|Discussion]] page.}}
No Funtoo, há dois arquivos de configuração responsáveis suas configurações de idioma: <code>/etc/locale.gen</code> e <code>/etc/env.d/00basic</code>. O primeiro arquivo contém somente en_US.UTF-8 locale habilitado. O ultimo é um arquivo padrão embarcado que vem a partir do stage3 e responsável pelo en_US.UTF-8 locale system-wide. não recomendado editar.
 
Os passos a seguir lhe guiarão através do processo de editar o idioma padrão do sistema (default system language), utilizando o francês canadense como um exemplo.
== Design Challenges ==
Primeiro você terá que editar <code>/etc/locale.gen</code>:
 
<console>
The current Java eclasses have some very interesting and powerful features, yet are lacking in some areas.
# ##i##nano -w /etc/locale.gen
</console>
Especifique sua localidade preferida com o formato de caracter acompanhante (Você vai preferir principalmente UTF-8):
{{fancynote|É recomendado manter o en_US.UTF-8 locale pré-configurado com um fallback.}}
{{file|name=/etc/locale.gen|body=
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
fr_CA.UTF-8 UTF-8
}}
Para determinar uma localidade apropriada para o seu sistema, você deve dar uma olha em <code>/usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED</code> para a lista padrão de combinações suportadas  ou verifique o diretório <code>/usr/share/i18n/locales/</code> para uma lista de valores válidos.
{{fancywarning|Lhe é altamente aconcelhado usar ''ao menos uma'' localidade UTF-8 desde que algumas aplicações possam exigi-la.}}


=== Dependency Handling ===
Agora, essas localidades precisam ser geradas:
<console>
# ##i##locale-gen
##g##*##!g## Generating 2 locales (this might take a while) with 1 jobs
*  (1/2) Generating en_US.UTF-8 ... [ ok ]
*  (2/2) Generating fr_CA.UTF-8 ... [ ok ]
##g##*##!g## Generation complete
</console>


Currently, <tt>java-utils-2.eclass</tt> uses <tt>depend-java-query</tt> to automatically select the most optimal Java VM for building. This is a sophisticated feature that is intended to be 'smart', yet it has some flaws. These flaws are fixable:
Uma vez feito, você pode aplicar suas configurações de localidade do system (locale settings system-wide). Primeiro exiba todas as opções disponíveis:
<console>
$ ##i##eselect locale list
##b####g##Available targets for the LANG variable:
  ##b##[1]##!b##  C
  ##b##[2]##!b##  POSIX
  ##b##[3]##!b##  fr_CA.utf8
  ##b##[4]##!b##  en_US.utf8 ##bl##*
  ##b##[ ]##!b##  (free form)
</console>
O asterisco azul indica a localidade atual padrão do sistema. Você pode agora alterá-lo de acordo com o que desejar:
<console>
# ##i##eselect locale set 3
Setting LANG to fr_CA.utf8 ...
Run ". /etc/profile" to update the variable in your shell.
</console>
Alternativamente, você pode definir a localidade padrão manualmente. Esse arquivo deve primeiro ser criado com o seu editor preferido:
{{file|name=/etc/env.d/02locale|body=LANG="fr_CA.utf8"}}
Você pode verificar suas ações utilizando:
<console>
$ ##i##eselect locale show
##b####g##LANG variable in profile:
  ##b##fr_CA.utf8
</console>


* While JVM auto-selection is smart, it is not always correct -- it doesn't use Portage's API, but instead uses regexes to parse the currently-executing ebuild's <tt>DEPEND</tt> string.  
Para um efeito imediato é necessário recarregar o ambiente:
<console>
# ##i##env-update && source /etc/profile
>>> Regenerating /etc/ld.so.cache...
</console>
Parabéns! Você definiu com sucesso seu idioma padrão no Funtoo.


* Related to the regex issue, the code in <tt>depend-java-query</tt> is complex as it tries to duplicate some functionality that could be handled better by Portage's API.
== Configurações do Portage ==
 
This proposal provides a mechanism for the Portage API to be used to always generate a completely correct result. This may seem like a minimal optimization since the existing code is correct ''most'' of the time. But it is duplicative, in that it does a rough approximation of what the Portage API could do absolutely correctly. So there is no good reason to keep it -- less code means more maintainability.
 
{{fancyimportant|Moreover, there is even a better reason for doing things the right way -- eclasses should as much as possible be able to behave as "first-class citizens" in the world of Portage. This is an important architectural goal, and there are severe costs for not pursuing it, namely having every eclass under the sun re-implement various parts of Portage, albeit poorly, creating much uncessary code and frustration!}}
 
=== Atoms ===
 
Currently, <tt>eselect java-vm</tt> and <tt>java-config</tt> have their own "atoms" that they use to identify Java virtual machines, which seems to be <tt>${PN}-${SLOT}</tt>. Yet Portage already has atoms, and we should try to allow support for them over time. This proposal does require there to be some "link" between the existing JVM atom and the Portage atom. This link currently does not exist.
 
== Proposal ==
 
=== java-config Settings ===
 
This proposal involves a minor upgrade to the java-config settings for a JVM -- adding a <tt>PORTAGE_ATOM</tt> setting to the file, which allows the <tt>java-config</tt> atom to be linked to the Portage atom:
 
{{file|name=/usr/share/java-config-2/vm/oracle-jdk-bin-1.7|desc=Java-config settings|lang=bash|body=
# Copyright 1999-2011 Gentoo Foundation
# Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2
# $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo-x86/dev-java/oracle-jdk-bin/files/oracle-jdk-bin-1.7.env,v 1.2 2011/11/17 22:49:56 caster Exp $
 
VERSION="Oracle JDK 1.7.0.60"
JAVA_HOME="/opt/oracle-jdk-bin-1.7.0.60"
JDK_HOME="/opt/oracle-jdk-bin-1.7.0.60"
JAVAC=${JAVA_HOME}/bin/javac
PATH="${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${JAVA_HOME}/jre/bin"
ROOTPATH="${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${JAVA_HOME}/jre/bin"
LDPATH="${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/amd64/:${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/amd64/xawt/:${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/amd64/server/"
MANPATH="/opt/oracle-jdk-bin-1.7.0.60/man"
PROVIDES_TYPE="JDK JRE"
PROVIDES_VERSION="1.7"
BOOTCLASSPATH="${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/resources.jar:${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/rt.jar:${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/sunrsasign.jar:${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/jsse.jar:${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/jce.jar:${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/charsets.jar:${JAVA_HOME}/jre/classes"
GENERATION="2"
ENV_VARS="JAVA_HOME JDK_HOME JAVAC PATH ROOTPATH LDPATH MANPATH"
VMHANDLE="oracle-jdk-bin-1.7"
BUILD_ONLY="FALSE"
PORTAGE_ATOM="dev-java/oracle-jdk-bin-1.7.0.60"
}}


With this very minor and easy-to-implement change, new possibilities are available -- namely, for <tt>java-config</tt> code to tap into the Portage API and leverage its advanced dependency handling functionality.
Portage utiliza uma variável especial <code>LINGUAS</code> que define quais localizações/traduções são instaladas por padrão. Por padrão, <code>LINGUAS</code> em unset, a qual resultará em ''todas'' localizações disponíveis sendo instaladas pelo Portage.


<div style="float: right; width: 40%; margin-left: 1em; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; background-color: #f8f8f8; padding: 0.5em; border-radius: 8px;">
É possível personalizar as configurações de <code>LINGUAS</code> ao configurá-la em <code>/etc/make.conf</code>:


=== Provides ===
<console>
# ##i##LINGUAS="en_US zh_CN"
</console>


{{fancynote|This section is not a requirement for the implementation of this proposal, but a suggestion for future Portage development.}}
The <code>LINGUAS</code> variable should use spaces between each localization name.


Currently, the functionality that is provided by each JVM is stored in the <tt>java-config</tt> file shown above, namely in the <tt>PROVIDES_TYPE</tt> and <tt>PROVIDES_VERSION</tt> variables. This works for us, though it is unfortunate that the (in my opinion) not completely thought-out [http://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/GLEP:37 GLEP 37] was implemented, which deprecated the <tt>PROVIDES</tt> variable in Portage. This is a useful variable because it gave us a "link" from the installed package to the virtual it provided. No such link currently exists, which is a reduction in useful functionality.
== Read Your Language ==


It is recommended that <tt>PROVIDES</tt> is un-deprecated in Portage, and used by ebuilds solely for recording what virtuals are provided by the ebuild, so that they can be queried later once the package is installed. This would allow <tt>PROVIDES_TYPE</tt> and <tt>PROVIDES_VERSION</tt> -- functionality duplicated by the Java tools -- to be removed, further reducing the complexity of the Java tools codebase.
A newly installed Funtoo Linux does not able to read all the languages. You want to read the stuff, say, in Mozilla Firefox. You need to install fonts - A good sign that you have not installed the proper fonts is that the following characters appear as boxes with numbers inside: 日本語フォント
</div>


=== java-config Dependency Handling ===
Check if you have your language installed (Chinese) by using the <tt>fc-list</tt> command from the <tt>media-libs/fontconfig</tt> ebuild:


With these changes, <tt>java-config</tt> and <tt>depend-java-query</tt> to tap directly into the power of Portage dependency handling. Let's see how.
<console>
# ##i##fc-list :lang=zh
</console>


=== Query: List installed VMs ===
If you are lucky, the right font will be installed, and your apps will also be able to use Chinese as the default language. But in case you not have the right font installed in this way, you need to install them manually.


To list installed VMs, <tt>java-config</tt> could look in <tt>/usr/share/java-config-2/vm/</tt> to get a list of all installed Java VMs. However, thanks to the <tt>PORTAGE_ATOM</tt> variable, it can then compile a list of corresponding package atoms in <tt>/var/db/pkg</tt>.
For Japanese:


=== Query: Is a Suitable or Best VM Selected? ===
<console>
# ##i##emerge media-fonts/kochi-substitute
</console>


Currently, the <tt>java-utils-2.eclass</tt> attempts to magically select the proper VM for building based on the contents of the <tt>DEPEND</tt> string. This is how this functionality would be implemented correctly, using the Portage API rather than custom code.
For Chinese:
<console>
# ##i##emerge media-fonts/arphicfonts
</console>


To perform this query correctly and efficiently, <tt>depend-java-query</tt> can compile a list of Portage atoms for all installed Java VMs, along with what virtual they provide using <tt>PORTAGE_ATOM</tt>, <tt>PROVIDES_TYPE</tt> and <tt>PROVIDES_VERSION</tt>. Then, the <tt>DEPEND</tt> handed to it can be correctly evaluated using Portage functions. This is how the Portage side of the algorithm would work:
For Korean:


# Pre-process <tt>DEPEND</tt> string:
<console>
## Remove all components that are not related to <tt>virtual/jdk</tt> and <tt>virtual/jre</tt>.
# ##i##emerge media-fonts/baekmuk-fonts
## Evaluate <tt>DEPEND</tt> string using currently-active USE settings to remove all conditionals.
</console>
# Create a <tt>fakedbapi</tt> and <tt>cpv_inject()</tt> the current system VM Portage atom into it.
== Keymap ==
# Evaluate the pre-processed <tt>DEPEND</tt> string and see if the dependencies are satisfied.
# If so, a suitable VM is selected.


To find the "best match" VM, a similar process would be followed. Instead of <tt>cpv_inject</tt>ing the current system VM, ''all'' installed VMs would be injected and a best match would be found.
Funtoo Linux defaults to a US English keyboard. If you are using another type of keyboard, edit <tt>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</tt> and set keymap to your keyboard model. For example, cf for French Canadian keyboard, fr for French Azerty.


== Future Directions ==
<console>
# ##i##nano -w /etc/conf.d/keymaps
</console>
== Input Method ==


=== Reusing Code, Merging into Portage ===
ibus is an Intelligent Input Bus for Linux.


Since this functionality could use useful to other eclasses, this could be used as a test for a more generic helper function that could be integrated into Portage. This would allow other eclasses to implement similar functionality without having to have their own custom helper applications.
<console>
# ##i##emerge -av ibus
</console>


The <tt>java-config</tt> settings file could be merged into <tt>/var/db/pkg</tt> and a simple API could be added to <tt>vartree</tt> and <tt>dblink</tt> to provide API access to it. This would provide a toolkit for eclasses for storing extra configuration settings with installed ebuilds, which could be useful for a variety of purposes.
You also need to install language table for ibus (Chinese)


All these goals support the idea of code re-use and maintainability, and addressing the problem at the correct architectural level.
<console>
# ##i##emerge -av ibus-table-chinese
</console>


[[Category:Portage]]
[[Category:Install|Localization]]
[[Category:FLOP]]
[[Category:Java]]
__NOEDITSECTION__

Revision as of 21:43, February 5, 2015

Definir Idioma Padrão

No Funtoo, há dois arquivos de configuração responsáveis suas configurações de idioma: /etc/locale.gen e /etc/env.d/00basic. O primeiro arquivo contém somente en_US.UTF-8 locale habilitado. O ultimo é um arquivo padrão embarcado que vem a partir do stage3 e responsável pelo en_US.UTF-8 locale system-wide. não recomendado editar. Os passos a seguir lhe guiarão através do processo de editar o idioma padrão do sistema (default system language), utilizando o francês canadense como um exemplo. Primeiro você terá que editar /etc/locale.gen:

root # nano -w /etc/locale.gen

Especifique sua localidade preferida com o formato de caracter acompanhante (Você vai preferir principalmente UTF-8):

   Note

É recomendado manter o en_US.UTF-8 locale pré-configurado com um fallback.

   /etc/locale.gen
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
fr_CA.UTF-8 UTF-8

Para determinar uma localidade apropriada para o seu sistema, você deve dar uma olha em /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED para a lista padrão de combinações suportadas ou verifique o diretório /usr/share/i18n/locales/ para uma lista de valores válidos.

   Warning

Lhe é altamente aconcelhado usar ao menos uma localidade UTF-8 desde que algumas aplicações possam exigi-la.

Agora, essas localidades precisam ser geradas:

root # locale-gen
 * Generating 2 locales (this might take a while) with 1 jobs
 *  (1/2) Generating en_US.UTF-8 ... [ ok ]
 *  (2/2) Generating fr_CA.UTF-8 ... [ ok ]
 * Generation complete

Uma vez feito, você pode aplicar suas configurações de localidade do system (locale settings system-wide). Primeiro exiba todas as opções disponíveis:

user $ eselect locale list
root ##b##Available targets for the LANG variable:
  [1]   C
  [2]   POSIX
  [3]   fr_CA.utf8
  [4]   en_US.utf8 *
  [ ]   (free form)

O asterisco azul indica a localidade atual padrão do sistema. Você pode agora alterá-lo de acordo com o que desejar:

root # eselect locale set 3
Setting LANG to fr_CA.utf8 ...
Run ". /etc/profile" to update the variable in your shell.

Alternativamente, você pode definir a localidade padrão manualmente. Esse arquivo deve primeiro ser criado com o seu editor preferido:

   /etc/env.d/02locale
LANG="fr_CA.utf8"

Você pode verificar suas ações utilizando:

user $ eselect locale show
root ##b##LANG variable in profile:
  fr_CA.utf8

Para um efeito imediato é necessário recarregar o ambiente:

root # env-update && source /etc/profile
>>> Regenerating /etc/ld.so.cache...

Parabéns! Você definiu com sucesso seu idioma padrão no Funtoo.

Configurações do Portage

Portage utiliza uma variável especial LINGUAS que define quais localizações/traduções são instaladas por padrão. Por padrão, LINGUAS em unset, a qual resultará em todas localizações disponíveis sendo instaladas pelo Portage.

É possível personalizar as configurações de LINGUAS ao configurá-la em /etc/make.conf:

root # LINGUAS="en_US zh_CN"

The LINGUAS variable should use spaces between each localization name.

Read Your Language

A newly installed Funtoo Linux does not able to read all the languages. You want to read the stuff, say, in Mozilla Firefox. You need to install fonts - A good sign that you have not installed the proper fonts is that the following characters appear as boxes with numbers inside: 日本語フォント

Check if you have your language installed (Chinese) by using the fc-list command from the media-libs/fontconfig ebuild:

root # fc-list :lang=zh

If you are lucky, the right font will be installed, and your apps will also be able to use Chinese as the default language. But in case you not have the right font installed in this way, you need to install them manually.

For Japanese:

root # emerge media-fonts/kochi-substitute

For Chinese:

root # emerge media-fonts/arphicfonts

For Korean:

root # emerge media-fonts/baekmuk-fonts

Keymap

Funtoo Linux defaults to a US English keyboard. If you are using another type of keyboard, edit /etc/conf.d/keymaps and set keymap to your keyboard model. For example, cf for French Canadian keyboard, fr for French Azerty.

root # nano -w /etc/conf.d/keymaps

Input Method

ibus is an Intelligent Input Bus for Linux.

root # emerge -av ibus

You also need to install language table for ibus (Chinese)

root # emerge -av ibus-table-chinese