Difference between pages "UEFI Install Guide" and "Package:Spectrwm"

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This tutorial will show you how to install Funtoo on a UEFI system. UEFI, also known as the [[Wikipedia:Unified Extensible Firmware Interface|Unified Extensible Firmware Interface]], is a new firmware interface that is used on some newer computers as a replacement for the traditional PC BIOS. It has an integrated boot loader, so setting up booting is different. The recommended approach is to follow the [[ UEFI_Install_Guide#EFI_Stub_method | Efi Stub Method ]]. Many have reported that they are now unable to boot their system using the other, older method.
{{Ebuild
 
|Summary=A small, dynamic tiling window manager for X11.
This tutorial is meant to be an "overlay" over the Regular Funtoo Installation. Follow the normal installation and only follow steps in this tutorial when dealing with partitioning and configuring the boot loader (GRUB). All steps are otherwise identical to the regular installation process.
|CatPkg=x11-wm/spectrwm
 
|Maintainer=
== What Are We Doing? ==
|Homepage=https://opensource.conformal.com/wiki/spectrwm
 
This guide will show you how to set up your UEFI system to load the GRUB boot loader, which will then load your Funtoo Linux kernel and initramfs. This is the "UEFI + GRUB" method as described on the [[Boot Methods]] page.
 
== First Steps ==
 
To install Funtoo Linux on a UEFI system, first you need to boot SysRescueCD in UEFI mode. To do this, enable UEFI in your BIOS, and if necessary disable legacy booting. After some fiddling, you should be able to boot SysRescueCD and get a black and white text menu instead of the traditional aqua/cyan-colored menu. The black and white menu indicates that you booted SysRescueCD in UEFI mode. Once you've accomplished this, you're ready to continue with your Funtoo Linux installation and partition your drive. See below for details.
 
{{fancynote|If the <tt>/sys/firmware/efi</tt> directory exists, then you have successfully booted in EFI mode and will be able to configure your Funtoo system to boot in EFI mode. If the directory doesn't exist, fix this first. It is a requirement for setting up EFI booting.}}
 
== Partitioning ==
 
To set up your partitions for UEFI booting, you will create a ~500MB FAT32 partition on <tt>/dev/sda1</tt>, and set it to type <tt>EF00</tt> using <tt>gdisk</tt>.
 
<console>
Command: ##i##n ↵
Partition Number: ##i##1 ↵
First sector: ##i##↵
Last sector: ##i##+500M ↵
Hex Code: ##i##EF00
</console>
 
This partition will serve as your Funtoo <tt>/boot</tt> filesystem as well as the partition that the UEFI firmware can read to load GRUB. Then you will set up swap on <tt>/dev/sda2</tt> and your root filesystem on <tt>/dev/sda3</tt>. To create the FAT32 filesystem, type:
 
<console>
# ##i##mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sda1
</console>
 
Your <tt>/etc/fstab</tt> entry for this filesystem will also differ, and will look like this:
 
<pre>
/dev/sda1 /boot vfat noatime 1 2
</pre>
 
== Kernel ==
 
=== VFAT ===
 
Make sure you add VFAT support to your kernel if you are building it manually.
 
=== EFI Framebuffer ===
 
If you have the following option enabled in your kernel, then uvesafb and efifb will not be able to detect the framebuffer:
 
{{kernelop|title=Bus options (PCI etc.)|desc=
    [*] Mark VGA/VBE/EFI FB as generic system framebuffer (NEW)
}}
}}


If you have that option enabled, ''you must also enable'':
{{Note|Spectrwm was previously known as Scrotwm.}}
 
{{kernelop|title=Device Drivers,Graphics support,Frame buffer Devices|desc=
    [*]  Simple framebuffer support
}}


This is the preferred method of using the EFI framebuffer, the efifb and uvesafb drivers will be used as a fallback if the above is not compatible.
==== Introduction ====
From their page:
spectrwm is a small dynamic tiling window manager for X11. It tries to stay out of the way so that valuable screen real estate can be used for much more important stuff. It has sane defaults and does not require one to learn a language to do any configuration. It was written by hackers for hackers and it strives to be small, compact and fast.


== Boot Loader ==
=== EFI Stub method ===
Instead of bothering with the installation of GRUB and the risk that your system will not boot, you should consider using the UEFI firmware of your computer to boot your kernel. not only does this method reduce boot times slightly, it also removes the hassel of dealing with and configuring a bootloader.
==== Kernel Configuration ====
To prepare your kernel to boot with EFI stub, make sure that the following options are built in to your kernel:
{{kernelop|title=Processor type and features|desc=
[*] EFI runtime service support
[*]    EFI stub support
[ ]        EFI mixed-mode support
[*] Built-in kernel command line
(kernel options that you want to pass go here)
}}
{{note|Commands that you would normally pass, such as, <code>video{{=}}uvesafb:1920x1080-32,mtrr:3,ywrap</code>, should be put here. In other words, anything that you would normally add to <code>/etc/boot.conf</code> after <code>params +{{=}}</code> should be added to the built-in kernel command line as well.}}


{{important|You should specifiy the position of your rootfs here. For example: <code>root{{=}}/dev/sdb1</code>.}}


If your system requires an initramfs to boot, do not worry, you can build that in to the kernel. One thing that you should know, however, is that the kernel only takes plaintext and <code>.cpio</code> files for initramfs source files. Therefore, if you use an application to generate an initramfs for you, make sure that it does not use gzip compression. To build better-initramfs-bin without gzip compression, disable the gzip use flag for the package:
==== Installation ====
{{file|name=/etc/portage/package.use|desc= |body=
sys-kernel/better-initramfs-bin -gzip
}}
then emerge better-initramfs:
<console>
<console>
###i## emerge better-initramfs-bin
# ##i##emerge x11-wm/spectrwm
</console>
</console>
If you check in your <code>/boot</code> directory, you should see a file called <code>initramfs.cpio</code>. See below to include this file in your kernel.
Xlockmore is also needed
{{kernelop|title=General setup|desc=
[*] Initial RAM filesystem and RAM disk (initramfs/initrd) support
(/path/to/initramfs/file.cpio)
For better-initramfs-bin:
(/boot/initramfs.cpio)
}}
 
==== Building and installing the kernel ====
After you have configured your kernel, build it, install it to <code>/boot</code>, and then create a copy of the image to store in the EFI boot directory:
<console>
<console>
###i## pwd
# ##i##emerge x11-misc/xlockmore
/usr/src/linux
###i## make -jn
###i## make -jn install modules_install
###i## mkdir -vp /boot/EFI/Boot
###i## cp -v /boot/vmlinuz-x.x.x /boot/EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi
</console>
</console>
When you have finished all of this, you should be able to reboot and enjoy yor new Funtoo system!
=== Grub method ===
==== Unmask Grub 2.02_beta2 ====


Unmask the latest version of GRUB by placing this in your <code>/etc/portage/package.unmask</code>:


==== Setup ====
===== xinitrc =====
Edit ~/.xinitrc:
<pre>
<pre>
sys-boot/grub
exec spectrwm
</pre>
</pre>
 
Copy /etc/spectrwm.conf to your home dir as an hidden file.
The 2.00 version of GRUB has known issues with UEFI booting.
 
==== Emerging GRUB ====
 
You will still use GRUB as a boot loader, but before emerging grub, you will need to enable EFI booting. To do this,
add the following line to <tt>/etc/portage/make.conf</tt>:
 
<pre>
GRUB_PLATFORMS="efi-64"
</pre>
 
Then, <tt>emerge grub</tt>. You will notice <tt>efibootmgr</tt> getting pulled in as a dependency. This is expected and good.
 
==== Installing GRUB ====
 
Now, for the magic of getting everything in place for booting. You should copy your kernel and initramfs (if you have one -- you will if you are following the default install) to <tt>/boot</tt>. GRUB will boot those. But how do we get UEFI to boot GRUB? Well, we need to run the following command:
 
<console>
<console>
# ##i##grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-id="Funtoo Linux [GRUB]" --recheck /dev/sda
$ ##i## cp /etc/spectrwm.conf ~/.spectrwm.conf
</console>
</console>
This command will simply install all the stuff to <tt>/boot/EFI</tt> and <tt>/boot/grub</tt> that your system needs to boot. In particular, the <tt>/boot/EFI/grub/grubx64.efi</tt> file will be created. This is the GRUB boot image that UEFI will load and start.
You can edit spectrwm.conf to suit your needs. The file is thoroughly commented so you won't feel lost.
 
A more detailed explanation of the flags used in the above command:
* <code>--target=x86_64-efi</code>: Tells GRUB that we want to install it in a way that allows it to boot in UEFI
* <code>--efi-directory=/boot</code>: All GRUB UEFI files will be installed in ''/boot''
* <code>--bootloader-id="Funtoo Linux [GRUB]"</code>: This flag is not necessary for GRUB to boot. However, it allows you to change the text of the boot option in the UEFI BIOS. The stuff in the quotes can be set to anything that you would like.
* <code>--recheck</code>: If a device map already exists on the disk or partition that GRUB is being installed on, it will be removed.
* <code>/dev/sda</code>:The device that we are installing GRUB on.
 
==== Configuring GRUB ====
 
OK, now UEFI has the GRUB image it needs to boot. But we still need to configure GRUB itself so it finds and boots your kernel and initramfs. This is done by performing the following steps. Since boot-update doesn't yet support UEFI, we will use boot-update, but then edit our <code>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</code> to support UEFI booting.
 
First, you will need to edit <code>/etc/boot.conf</code>. Format this as you would if you were booting without UEFI. If you are not sure how this should look, below is an example of what it could look like if you are booting from an unencrypted ext4 partition:
 
{{file|name=/etc/boot.conf|desc=|body=
boot {
        generate grub
        default "Funtoo Linux"
        timeout 3
}
 
"Funtoo Linux" {
        kernel vmlinuz[-v]
        params += rootfstype=ext4 root=/dev/sda2
}
}}


After you have edited your <code>/etc/boot.conf</code> file, run <code>boot-update</code>. If you check your <code>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</code> now, you should see something like this:  
==== Bindings (default) ====
{{Note|Usually the M (Modus) key is either alt or the super key.}}
From the man page:


{{file|name=/boot/grub/grub.cfg|desc=|body=
BINDINGS
set timeout=3


  insmod part_gpt
    spectrwm provides many functions (or actions) accessed via key or mouse
  insmod fat
    bindings.
  set root=(hostdisk//dev/sda,gpt1)
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 3CFD-6884
if loadfont /grub/unifont.pf2; then
  set gfxmode=text
  insmod gfxterm
  insmod vbe
  terminal_output gfxterm
fi
 
set menu_color_normal=cyan/blue
set menu_color_highlight=blue/cyan
 
menuentry "Funtoo Linux - vmlinuz-3.16.3" {
  insmod part_gpt
  insmod fat
  set root=(hostdisk//dev/sda,gpt1)
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 3CFD-6884
  linux /vmlinuz-3.16.3 video=uvesafb:1920x1080-32,mtrr:3,ywrap rootfstype=ext4 root=/dev/sda2
  set gfxpayload=text
}
set default=0
}}
 
To get your <code>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</code> to support booting with UEFI, make your <code>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</code> look like this:
{{file|name=/boot/grub/grub.cfg|desc=|body=
set timeout=3
 
  insmod part_gpt
  insmod fat
  insmod efi_gop
  insmod efi_uga
  set root=(hostdisk//dev/sda,gpt1)
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 3CFD-6884
if loadfont /grub/unifont.pf2; then
  set gfxmode=auto
  insmod gfxterm
  insmod vbe
  terminal_output gfxterm
fi
 
set menu_color_normal=cyan/blue
set menu_color_highlight=blue/cyan
 
menuentry "Funtoo Linux - vmlinuz-3.16.3" {
  insmod part_gpt
  insmod fat
  set root=(hostdisk//dev/sda,gpt1)
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 3CFD-6884
  linux /vmlinuz-3.16.3 video=uvesafb:1920x1080-32,mtrr:3,ywrap rootfstype=ext4 root=/dev/sda2
  set gfxpayload=keep
}
set default=0
}}


The lines that we have added and altered do the following:
    The current mouse bindings are described below:
* <code>insmod efi_gop</code> and <code>insmod efi_uga</code>: Both of these involve adding support for the UEFI framebuffer to GRUB.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
* <code>set gfxmode=auto</code>: Instead of having the GRUB boot option screen being displayed at the smallest resolution possible, changing this to auto will make it fit the resolution of your display.
|-
! Mouse binding  !! description
|-
| M1 || Focus window
|-
| M-M1 || Move window
|-
| M-M3|| Resize window
|-
| M-S-M3|| Resize window while maintaining it centered
|}                     


== Known Issues ==
    The default key bindings are described below:
*With pure UEFI boot mode, with legacy mode disabled, following error expected:
** video driver not supported, boot hangs, hard reboot required.
*Choose UEFI first, next legacy driver. It depends on motherboard vendor and efi bios version.
**In UEFI bios choose grub option, if your succeeded with above guide, additional menu should appear in Boot Menu, otherwise it boots into EFI shell: <code>grub:NAME of you hard drive</code>
* On some systems, installing the packages that are required for UEFI booting with any gcc later than a 4.x.x release may lead to a black screen after the GRUB screen. To fix this, before you begin installing any packages on your system, emerge =gcc-4.6.4-r2 and proceed with the installation as usual. Remember to switch your compiler back to the version of gcc that came with your system after you have finished installing. To do this, use <code>gcc-config 2</code>. This problem can also be fixed by following the [[Efi Stub guide]] instead of the GRUB one.


=== Done! ===
          M-S-<Return>        term
          M-p                menu
          M-S-q              quit
          M-q                restart
          M-<Space>          cycle_layout
          M-S-<\>            flip_layout
          M-S-<Space>        stack_reset
          M-h                master_shrink
          M-l                master_grow
          M-,                master_add
          M-.                master_del
          M-S-,              stack_inc
          M-S-.              stack_dec
          M-<Return>          swap_main
          M-j, M-<TAB>        focus_next
          M-k, M-S-<TAB>      focus_prev
          M-m                focus_main
          M-S-j              swap_next
          M-S-k              swap_prev
          M-b                bar_toggle
          M-S-b              bar_toggle_ws
          M-x                wind_del
          M-S-x              wind_kill
          M-<1-9,0,F1-F12>    ws_<1-22>
          M-S-<1-9,0,F1-F12>  mvws_<1-22>
          M-<Keypad 1-9>      rg_<1-9>
          M-S-<Keypad 1-9>    mvrg_<1-9>
          M-<Right>          ws_next
          M-<Left>            ws_prev
          M-<Up>              ws_next_all
          M-<Down>            ws_prev_all
          M-a                ws_next_move
          M-S-<Left>          ws_prev_move
          M-S-<Up>            ws_prior
          M-S-<Right>        rg_next
          M-S-<Left>          rg_prev
          M-s                screenshot_all
          M-S-s              screenshot_wind
          M-S-v              version
          M-t                float_toggle
          M-S-<Delete>        lock
          M-S-i              initscr
          M-w                iconify
          M-S-w              uniconify
          M-S-r              always_raise
          M-v                button2
          M--                width_shrink
          M-=                 width_grow
          M-S--              height_shrink
          M-S-=               height_grow
          M-[                move_left
          M-]                move_right
          M-S-[              move_up
          M-S-]              move_down
          M-S-/              name_workspace
          M-/                search_workspace
          M-f                search_win


Remember to follow all other steps in the regular Funtoo Install Guide. Assuming you did everything correctly, your system should now boot via UEFI! We will be adding UEFI support to boot-update soon to make this process easier.
The action names and descriptions are listed below:


[[Category:HOWTO]]
          term              Spawn a new terminal (see PROGRAMS above).
          menu              Menu (see PROGRAMS above).
          quit              Quit spectrwm.
          restart          Restart spectrwm.
          cycle_layout      Cycle layout.
          flip_layout      Swap the master and stacking areas.
          stack_reset      Reset layout.
          master_shrink    Shrink master area.
          master_grow      Grow master area.
          master_add        Add windows to master area.
          master_del        Remove windows from master area.
          stack_inc        Add columns/rows to stacking area.
          stack_dec        Remove columns/rows from stacking area.
          swap_main        Move current window to master area.
          focus_next        Focus next window in workspace.
          focus_prev        Focus previous window in workspace.
          focus_main        Focus on main window in workspace.
          swap_next        Swap with next window in workspace.
          swap_prev        Swap with previous window in workspace.
          bar_toggle        Toggle overall visibility of status bars.
          bar_toggle_ws    Toggle status bar on current workspace.
          wind_del          Delete current window in workspace.
          wind_kill        Destroy current window in workspace.
          ws_n              Switch to workspace n, where n is 1 through
                            workspace_limit.
          mvws_n            Move current window to workspace n, where n is 1
                            through workspace_limit.
          rg_n              Focus on region n, where n is 1 through 9.
          mvrg_n            Move current window to region n, where n is 1
                            through 9.
          ws_next          Switch to next workspace with a window in it.
          ws_prev          Switch to previous workspace with a window in it.
          ws_next_all      Switch to next workspace.
          ws_prev_all      Switch to previous workspace.
          ws_next_move      Switch to next workspace with the current window.
          ws_prev_move      Switch to previous workspace with the current
                            window.
          ws_prior          Switch to last visited workspace.
          rg_next          Switch to next region.
          rg_prev          Switch to previous region.
          screenshot_all    Take screenshot of entire screen (if enabled)
                            (see PROGRAMS above).
          screenshot_wind  Take screenshot of selected window (if enabled)
                            (see PROGRAMS above).
          version          Toggle version in status bar.
          float_toggle      Toggle focused window between tiled and floating.
          lock              Lock screen (see PROGRAMS above).
          initscr          Reinitialize physical screens (see PROGRAMS
                            above).
          iconify          Minimize (unmap) currently focused window.
          uniconify        Maximize (map) window returned by dmenu
                            selection.
          always_raise      When set tiled windows are allowed to obscure
                            floating windows.
          button2          Fake a middle mouse button click (mouse button
                            2).
          width_shrink      Shrink the width of a floating window.
          width_grow        Grow the width of a floating window.
          height_shrink    Shrink the height of a floating window.
          height_grow      Grow the height of a floating window.
          move_left        Move a floating window a step to the left.
          move_right        Move a floating window a step to the right.
          move_up          Move a floating window a step upwards.
          move_down        Move a floating window a step downwards.
          name_workspace    Name the current workspace.
          search_workspace  Search for a workspace.
          search_win        Search the windows in the current workspace.
{{EbuildFooter}}

Revision as of 02:54, November 17, 2014

Spectrwm

   Tip

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   Note

Spectrwm was previously known as Scrotwm.

Introduction

From their page: spectrwm is a small dynamic tiling window manager for X11. It tries to stay out of the way so that valuable screen real estate can be used for much more important stuff. It has sane defaults and does not require one to learn a language to do any configuration. It was written by hackers for hackers and it strives to be small, compact and fast.


Installation

root # emerge x11-wm/spectrwm 

Xlockmore is also needed

root # emerge x11-misc/xlockmore


Setup

xinitrc

Edit ~/.xinitrc:

exec spectrwm

Copy /etc/spectrwm.conf to your home dir as an hidden file.

 $  cp /etc/spectrwm.conf ~/.spectrwm.conf

You can edit spectrwm.conf to suit your needs. The file is thoroughly commented so you won't feel lost.

Bindings (default)

   Note

Usually the M (Modus) key is either alt or the super key.

From the man page:

BINDINGS

    spectrwm provides many functions (or actions) accessed via key or mouse
    bindings.
    The current mouse bindings are described below:
Mouse binding description
M1 Focus window
M-M1 Move window
M-M3 Resize window
M-S-M3 Resize window while maintaining it centered
    The default key bindings are described below:
          M-S-<Return>        term
          M-p                 menu
          M-S-q               quit
          M-q                 restart
          M-<Space>           cycle_layout
          M-S-<\>             flip_layout
          M-S-<Space>         stack_reset
          M-h                 master_shrink
          M-l                 master_grow
          M-,                 master_add
          M-.                 master_del
          M-S-,               stack_inc
          M-S-.               stack_dec
          M-<Return>          swap_main
          M-j, M-<TAB>        focus_next
          M-k, M-S-<TAB>      focus_prev
          M-m                 focus_main
          M-S-j               swap_next
          M-S-k               swap_prev
          M-b                 bar_toggle
          M-S-b               bar_toggle_ws
          M-x                 wind_del
          M-S-x               wind_kill
          M-<1-9,0,F1-F12>    ws_<1-22>
          M-S-<1-9,0,F1-F12>  mvws_<1-22>
          M-<Keypad 1-9>      rg_<1-9>
          M-S-<Keypad 1-9>    mvrg_<1-9>
          M-<Right>           ws_next
          M-<Left>            ws_prev
          M-<Up>              ws_next_all
          M-<Down>            ws_prev_all
          M-a                 ws_next_move
          M-S-<Left>          ws_prev_move
          M-S-<Up>            ws_prior
          M-S-<Right>         rg_next
          M-S-<Left>          rg_prev
          M-s                 screenshot_all
          M-S-s               screenshot_wind
          M-S-v               version
          M-t                 float_toggle
          M-S-<Delete>        lock
          M-S-i               initscr
          M-w                 iconify
          M-S-w               uniconify
          M-S-r               always_raise
          M-v                 button2
          M--                 width_shrink
          M-=                 width_grow
          M-S--               height_shrink
          M-S-=               height_grow
          M-[                 move_left
          M-]                 move_right
          M-S-[               move_up
          M-S-]               move_down
          M-S-/               name_workspace
          M-/                 search_workspace
          M-f                 search_win

The action names and descriptions are listed below:

          term              Spawn a new terminal (see PROGRAMS above).
          menu              Menu (see PROGRAMS above).
          quit              Quit spectrwm.
          restart           Restart spectrwm.
          cycle_layout      Cycle layout.
          flip_layout       Swap the master and stacking areas.
          stack_reset       Reset layout.
          master_shrink     Shrink master area.
          master_grow       Grow master area.
          master_add        Add windows to master area.
          master_del        Remove windows from master area.
          stack_inc         Add columns/rows to stacking area.
          stack_dec         Remove columns/rows from stacking area.
          swap_main         Move current window to master area.
          focus_next        Focus next window in workspace.
          focus_prev        Focus previous window in workspace.
          focus_main        Focus on main window in workspace.
          swap_next         Swap with next window in workspace.
          swap_prev         Swap with previous window in workspace.
          bar_toggle        Toggle overall visibility of status bars.
          bar_toggle_ws     Toggle status bar on current workspace.
          wind_del          Delete current window in workspace.
          wind_kill         Destroy current window in workspace.
          ws_n              Switch to workspace n, where n is 1 through
                            workspace_limit.
          mvws_n            Move current window to workspace n, where n is 1
                            through workspace_limit.
          rg_n              Focus on region n, where n is 1 through 9.
          mvrg_n            Move current window to region n, where n is 1
                            through 9.
          ws_next           Switch to next workspace with a window in it.
          ws_prev           Switch to previous workspace with a window in it.
          ws_next_all       Switch to next workspace.
          ws_prev_all       Switch to previous workspace.
          ws_next_move      Switch to next workspace with the current window.
          ws_prev_move      Switch to previous workspace with the current
                            window.
          ws_prior          Switch to last visited workspace.
          rg_next           Switch to next region.
          rg_prev           Switch to previous region.
          screenshot_all    Take screenshot of entire screen (if enabled)
                            (see PROGRAMS above).
          screenshot_wind   Take screenshot of selected window (if enabled)
                            (see PROGRAMS above).
          version           Toggle version in status bar.
          float_toggle      Toggle focused window between tiled and floating.
          lock              Lock screen (see PROGRAMS above).
          initscr           Reinitialize physical screens (see PROGRAMS
                            above).
          iconify           Minimize (unmap) currently focused window.
          uniconify         Maximize (map) window returned by dmenu
                            selection.
          always_raise      When set tiled windows are allowed to obscure
                            floating windows.
          button2           Fake a middle mouse button click (mouse button
                            2).
          width_shrink      Shrink the width of a floating window.
          width_grow        Grow the width of a floating window.
          height_shrink     Shrink the height of a floating window.
          height_grow       Grow the height of a floating window.
          move_left         Move a floating window a step to the left.
          move_right        Move a floating window a step to the right.
          move_up           Move a floating window a step upwards.
          move_down         Move a floating window a step downwards.
          name_workspace    Name the current workspace.
          search_workspace  Search for a workspace.
          search_win        Search the windows in the current workspace.