Difference between pages "Welcome" and "Hostname"

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{{MainPageSidebar|1=
==Introduction==
{{fancyimportant|1=
A hostname is a unique name created to identify a machine on a network. In computer networking, a hostname  is a label that is assigned to a device connected to a computer network and that is used to identify the device in various forms of electronic communication such as the World Wide Web, e-mail or Usenet. Hostnames may be simple names consisting of a single word or phrase, or they may be structured.
[[Support Funtoo]] to help our project grow! '''Donate $15 per month and get a free [[Funtoo Hosting|Funtoo Virtual Container]].'''}}
==Configuration==
In Funtoo Linux <code>/etc/conf.d/hostname</code> is the only configuration file for setting a hostname. In OpenRC framework <code>/etc/conf.d/foo</code> is the configuration file for a corresponding Init script <code>/etc/init.d/foo</code>.  With the case of hostname, default value in <code>/etc/conf.d/hostname</code> is set to ''localhost'', means when system boots and OpenRC's <code>/etc/init.d/hostname</code> script started a hostname getting only ''localhost'' name.  How it looks?  In your shell promt this will look in following way, an example for root:
<console>
localhost ~ # ##i## Hello :)
</console>
Let's play a bit with a configuration. Open <code>/etc/conf.d/hostname</code> with your favorite editor and set a hostname of your choice.  Below, I will use a real examples  from one of my working test boxes.
<console>
localhost ~ # ##i## nano /etc/conf.d/hostname
</console>
Let's set it to hostname="oleg-stable.host.funtoo.org". Save the file and restart  a hostname service:
<console>
localhost ~ # ##i## service hostname restart
</console>
Now, let's examine our changes, after a restarting a hostname
<console>
oleg-stable ~ # ##i## Hello :)
</console>
== Diving deeper==
Notice, that in above output we seeing a shortened hostname and not a FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name). Don't be frustrated. This is  how  default bash promt <code>PS1</code> set. To get nice promts, please, follow http://www.funtoo.org/Prompt_Magic
Another way to test our settings is using a '''hostname''' command. Here we will show only  some of it's features. Let's try to execute '''hostname''' command:
<console>
oleg-stable ~ # ##i## hostname
oleg-stable.host.funtoo.org
</console>
Now we see our fully qualified domain name hostname just how we configured it in <code>/etc/conf.d/hostname</code> in above paragraph. To get a short hostname we need to set '''-s ''' (short) argument to hostname command.
<console>
oleg-stable ~ # ##i## hostname -s
oleg-stable
</console>
Good! Hostname offers more then just displaying a system host name but can also set one. Let's try:
<console>
oleg-stable ~ # ##i## hostname foo.bar.baz
oleg-stable ~ # ##i## hostname
foo.bar.baz
</console>
As you can see, we changed a hostname on-the-fly. This is not recommended way.
{{fancywarning|Please, notice that using '''hostname''' command to configure will work temporary for a current session and will be reverted back to a value set in <code>/etc/conf.d/hostname</code> file with next system restart.}}


== Resources ==
Now that we got a brief description of a hostname and basic configuration steps, its time to reflect another important case which is directly related to a Funtoo Linux hostname generation, a hosts.


Our community has a number of excellent resources for communication and collaboration:
==Hosts case==
 
As per man page <code>hosts</code> stands for static table lookup for hostnames and it's configuration file is <code>/etc/hosts</code>. Here is how it looks
* '''{{CreateAccount}}''' to log in to the wiki, forums and bug tracker. See [[Funtoo Authentication FAQ]].
{{file|name=/etc/hosts|body=
* '''[http://forums.funtoo.org forums.funtoo.org]''' - our new forums!
# Auto-generated hostname. Please do not remove this comment.
* [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/funtoo-dev funtoo-dev] mailing list
127.0.0.1      oleg-stable.host.funtoo.org oleg-stable localhost localhost.localdomain
* '''[http://bugs.funtoo.org bugs.funtoo.org]''', our bug tracker ([[Reporting Bugs|Instructions]]).
::1            oleg-stable.host.funtoo.org oleg-stable localhost localhost.localdomain
* [http://larrythecow.org larrythecow.org], our Gentoo blog aggregation service.
* [http://kernel-seeds.org kernel-seeds.org], resources for building your kernel from scratch.
* [http://git.funtoo.org git.funtoo.org], our cgit repository browser.
* '''[[Support Funtoo]]''' to help our project grow.
* '''[[Funtoo Hosting|Get a Funtoo Virtual Container]]'''.
}}
}}
{{MainPageSidebar|1=
As you can see it has entries from our <code>/etc/conf.d/hostname</code>. As you may have guessed, in Funtoo Linux <code>/etc/hosts</code> file entries are auto-generated, when OpenRC hostname service starts. Previously, it is used to edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> manually. In Funtoo Linux there is no such need.
== UserMap ==
{{#ask:[[Category:People]]
|?Geoloc
|format=googlemaps3|height=300|limit=999|zoom=1|minzoom=1|markercluster=on}}
[[Usermap|View Larger version]]
}}
== Welcome to Funtoo Linux ==
Funtoo Linux is a Linux-based operating system that is a variant of [http://www.gentoo.org Gentoo Linux]. Funtoo Linux is:
* ...'''fun!''' Our priority is to create a ''great, supportive and responsive'' user community.
* ...'''user-centric and collaborative'''. Everyone is considered a '''user''' of Funtoo, first and foremost. You don't need any special privileges to collaborate with us.
* ...'''production-oriented''': Our goal is to have Funtoo be useful for ''real-world tasks''. We use Funtoo to do stuff, like host our infrastructure. It needs to work.__NOTOC__
* ...'''creative''': We seek creative, elegant and maintainable solutions to problems of all kinds.
 
'''View the [[Funtoo Linux FAQ]] for answers to common questions.'''
 
== Getting Started ==
 
We encourage you to [[Funtoo Linux Installation|install Funtoo Linux]], and get involved in our user community. Get to know fellow Funtoo Linux users on our [http://forums.funtoo.org forums]. If you have any improvements or find any bugs in Funtoo Linux, you are strongly encouraged to report them on our [http://bugs.funtoo.org bug tracker]. We take all bugs seriously, and all work performed on Funtoo Linux is tracked on our bug tracker, for purposes of transparency.
 
Funtoo Linux has a very active [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC IRC] community on Freenode, in the <code>#funtoo</code> channel, and you are encouraged to hang out online with us.


== Project Structure ==
What about custom hosts entries? This can be easily configured with 'aliases'. For example you want to have a hosts for your remote router or a computer in home LAN. Let's try to modify <code>/etc/conf.d/hostname</code> with adding following - my remote computer oleg.distant.home has an IP 10.1.1.2:
 
<console>
Funtoo Linux is led by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Robbins_(computer_programmer) Daniel Robbins], the creator and former Chief Architect of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentoo_Linux Gentoo Linux], who serves as benevolent dictator for life (BDFL) of the project. Our organizational structure consists of BDFL and a small number of support staff, as well as members of our user community who are involved in improving Funtoo Linux. Development efforts are driven by the BDFL as well as our users, and efforts are under way to implement various mechanisms to allow supporters of Funtoo Linux to chart the future direction of the project.
oleg-stable ~ # ##i## echo 'aliases="10.1.12 oleg.distant.home"' >> /etc/conf.d/hostname
 
oleg-stable ~ # ##i## service hostname restart
'''Learn more about Funtoo Linux's [[staff]] and [[Funtoo Linux Vision|development vision]].'''
</console>
 
Examine our changes:
== Distinctives ==
<console>
 
oleg-stable ~ # ##i## cat /etc/hosts
Funtoo Linux packages are installed from source code, automatically, thanks to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portage_(software) Portage ports system.], inspired by the FreeBSD ports system, but written in Python and with full advanced package management functionality. Funtoo Linux is a meta-distribution, which means it is built (fully automatically) with the functionality and optimizations that ''you'' want, not what some distro maintainer thought was best for you.
</console>
 
{{file|name=/etc/hosts|body=
We use [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git_(software) Git] for all our development, and we also use Git to deliver our ports tree to you.
# Auto-generated hostname. Please do not remove this comment.
 
10.1.1.2        oleg.distant.home
In contrast to Gentoo Linux, we offer a number of innovations, including our extensive use of git, [[Funtoo 1.0 Profile|our profile system]], [[Package:Boot-Update|boot-update]] boot management tool, our incredibly flexible [[Funtoo Linux Networking|template-based networking scripts]], [[Metro Quick Start Tutorial|Metro]] distribution build system, support of Debian, RHEL and other kernels, [[Creating_Python-related_Ebuilds|enhanced Python support]], Portage mini-manifests, user-centric distribution model, and a large number of community infrastructure improvements.
127.0.0.1      oleg-stable.host.funtoo.org oleg-stable localhost localhost.localdomain
 
::1            oleg-stable.host.funtoo.org oleg-stable localhost localhost.localdomain
== Help Document Ebuilds! ==
 
We need help adding documentation for ebuilds to our wiki. See below for a list of pages:
 
This page lists all ebuilds with pages on the Funtoo Linux wiki.
 
{{#ask:[[Category:Ebuilds]] [[CatPkg::+]]
|?CatPkg=
|?Repository=
|?Summary=
|format=listwidget
|link=all
|headers=show
|searchlabel=… further results
|class=sortable wikitable smwtable
|limit=9999
}}
}}
'''Add an Ebuild page:''' (see [[Adding an Ebuild to the Wiki]] for instructions)
{{#forminput:form=Ebuild|size=|default value=|button text=Add Package|autocomplete on namespace=Package|remote autocompletion|placeholder=Descriptive name|query string=namespace=Package}}
__NOTITLE__
__NOEDITSECTION__

Revision as of 16:06, February 24, 2015

Introduction

A hostname is a unique name created to identify a machine on a network. In computer networking, a hostname is a label that is assigned to a device connected to a computer network and that is used to identify the device in various forms of electronic communication such as the World Wide Web, e-mail or Usenet. Hostnames may be simple names consisting of a single word or phrase, or they may be structured.

Configuration

In Funtoo Linux /etc/conf.d/hostname is the only configuration file for setting a hostname. In OpenRC framework /etc/conf.d/foo is the configuration file for a corresponding Init script /etc/init.d/foo. With the case of hostname, default value in /etc/conf.d/hostname is set to localhost, means when system boots and OpenRC's /etc/init.d/hostname script started a hostname getting only localhost name. How it looks? In your shell promt this will look in following way, an example for root: 

localhost ~ #  Hello :)

Let's play a bit with a configuration. Open /etc/conf.d/hostname with your favorite editor and set a hostname of your choice. Below, I will use a real examples from one of my working test boxes. 

localhost ~ #  nano /etc/conf.d/hostname

Let's set it to hostname="oleg-stable.host.funtoo.org". Save the file and restart a hostname service: 

localhost ~ #  service hostname restart

Now, let's examine our changes, after a restarting a hostname 

oleg-stable ~ #  Hello :)

Diving deeper

Notice, that in above output we seeing a shortened hostname and not a FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name). Don't be frustrated. This is how default bash promt PS1 set. To get nice promts, please, follow http://www.funtoo.org/Prompt_Magic Another way to test our settings is using a hostname command. Here we will show only some of it's features. Let's try to execute hostname command: 

oleg-stable ~ #  hostname
oleg-stable.host.funtoo.org

Now we see our fully qualified domain name hostname just how we configured it in /etc/conf.d/hostname in above paragraph. To get a short hostname we need to set -s (short) argument to hostname command. 

oleg-stable ~ #  hostname -s
oleg-stable

Good! Hostname offers more then just displaying a system host name but can also set one. Let's try: 

oleg-stable ~ #  hostname foo.bar.baz
oleg-stable ~ #  hostname 
foo.bar.baz

As you can see, we changed a hostname on-the-fly. This is not recommended way.

   Warning

Please, notice that using hostname command to configure will work temporary for a current session and will be reverted back to a value set in /etc/conf.d/hostname file with next system restart.

Now that we got a brief description of a hostname and basic configuration steps, its time to reflect another important case which is directly related to a Funtoo Linux hostname generation, a hosts.

Hosts case

As per man page hosts stands for static table lookup for hostnames and it's configuration file is /etc/hosts. Here is how it looks

   /etc/hosts 
# Auto-generated hostname. Please do not remove this comment.
127.0.0.1       oleg-stable.host.funtoo.org oleg-stable localhost localhost.localdomain
::1             oleg-stable.host.funtoo.org oleg-stable localhost localhost.localdomain

As you can see it has entries from our /etc/conf.d/hostname. As you may have guessed, in Funtoo Linux /etc/hosts file entries are auto-generated, when OpenRC hostname service starts. Previously, it is used to edit /etc/hosts manually. In Funtoo Linux there is no such need.

What about custom hosts entries? This can be easily configured with 'aliases'. For example you want to have a hosts for your remote router or a computer in home LAN. Let's try to modify /etc/conf.d/hostname with adding following - my remote computer oleg.distant.home has an IP 10.1.1.2: 

oleg-stable ~ #  echo 'aliases="10.1.12 oleg.distant.home"' >> /etc/conf.d/hostname
oleg-stable ~ #  service hostname restart

Examine our changes:

oleg-stable ~ #  cat /etc/hosts
   /etc/hosts 
# Auto-generated hostname. Please do not remove this comment.
10.1.1.2        oleg.distant.home
127.0.0.1       oleg-stable.host.funtoo.org oleg-stable localhost localhost.localdomain
::1             oleg-stable.host.funtoo.org oleg-stable localhost localhost.localdomain
Retrieved from "https://www.funtoo.org/index.php?title=Welcome&oldid=9179"