Difference between pages "Install/pt-br/Configuring" and "Install/de/Stage3"

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=== Configurando seu sistema ===
<noinclude>
Como é esperado de uma distribuição Linux, Funtoo Linux tem seu compartilhamento de arquivos de configuração. O arquivo que absolutamente requer que você edite de forma a assegurar que o Funtoo Linux inicialize com sucesso é <code>/etc/fstab</code>. Os outros são opcionais.
{{InstallPart|the process of installing the Stage3 tarball}}
</noinclude>
==== Setzen des Datums ====


==== Utilizando o Nano ====
{{fancyimportant|Falls das Datum oder die Zeit falsch sein sollte kann das dazu fuehren das Portage die Quelldateien nicht richtig herunterladen kann. Das liegt daran das einige Quelldatien ueber HTTPS heruntergeladen werden, welches SSL Zertifikate verwendent. Und diese werden mit einem Ablaufdatum versehen. Wenn das Datum aber nah genug am tatsaechlichen Datum ist kann dieser Schritt trotzdem funktionieren.}}


O editor padrão incluso no ambiente chroot é chamado de <code>nano</code>. Para editar um dos arquivos abaixo, chame o nano como a seguir:
Jetzt ist es an der Zeit zu ueberpruefen ob das Datum richtigerweise auf UTC gesetzt ist. Man benutzt den  <code>date</code> Befehl um das zu zu tun.


<console>
<console>
(chroot) # ##i##nano /etc/fstab
# ##i##date
Fri Jul 15 19:47:18 UTC 2011
</console>
</console>


Quando estiver no editor, você pode utilizar as teclas de cetas para mover o cursor, e teclas comuns como backspace e delete funcionarão como esperado. Para salvar o arquivo, pressione Control-X, e responda <code>y</code> quando solicitado para salvar o buffer modificado se você gostaria de salvar suas alterações.
Falls das Datum korrigiert werden muss kann dies auf folgende Weise getan werden <code>date MMDDhhmmYYYY</code>.
Das untere Beispiel setzt das Datum auf den 16. Juli 2001 20:00 Uhr UTC:


==== Configuration Files ====
<console>
 
# ##i##date 071620002011
Aqui estão uma lista completa de arquivos que você pode queres editar, dependendo de suas necessidades:
Fri Jul 16 20:00:00 UTC 2011
{{TableStart}}
</console>
<tr class="active"><th>Arquivo</th>
<th>Preciso alter-á-lo?</th>
<th>Descrição</th>
</tr><tr  class="danger">
<td><code>/etc/fstab</code></td>
<td>'''SIM - exigido'''</td>
<td>Pontos de montagem para todos os filesystems a serem utilizados no momento do boot. Esse arquivo deve refletir sua configuação de partição de disco. Vamos lhe guiar através da modificação desse arquivo abaixo.</td>
</tr><tr>
<td><code>/etc/localtime</code></td>
<td>''Talvez - recomendável''</td>
<td>Seu fuso horário (timezone), que será padrão ao UTC se não definido. Esse deve ser um link simbólico para algo localizado sob /usr/share/zoneinfo (ex. /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Montreal) </td>
</tr><tr>
<td><code>/etc/make.conf</code> (symlink) - also known as:<br/><code>/etc/portage/make.conf</code></td>
<td>''Talvêz - recomendado''</td>
<td>Parâmetros utilizado pelo gcc (compilador), pelo portage, e pelo make. É uma boa ideia definir o MAKEOPTS. Isso é coberto mais para frente nessa documentação.</td>
</tr><tr>
<td><code>/etc/conf.d/hostname</code></td>
<td>''Talvez - recomendado''</td>
<td>Utilizado para definir o hostname do sistema. Defina a variável <code>hostname</code> como nome fully-qualified (com pontos, ex. <code>foo.funtoo.org</code>) se você tiver um. Caso contrário, defina para o hostname do sistema local (sem pontos, ex. <code>foo</code>). Padrões para <code>localhost</code> se não definido.</td>
</tr><tr>
<td><code>/etc/hosts</code></td>
<td>''No''</td>
<td> You no longer need to manually set the hostname in this file. This file is automatically generated by <code>/etc/init.d/hostname</code>.</td>
</tr><tr>
<td><code>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</code></td>
<td>Optional</td>
<td>Keyboard mapping configuration file (for console pseudo-terminals). Set if you have a non-US keyboard. See [[Funtoo Linux Localization]].</td>
</tr><tr>
<td><code>/etc/conf.d/hwclock</code></td>
<td>Optional</td>
<td>How the time of the battery-backed hardware clock of the system is interpreted (UTC or local time). Linux uses the battery-backed hardware clock to initialize the system clock when the system is booted.</td>
</tr><tr>
<td><code>/etc/conf.d/modules</code></td>
<td>Optional</td>
<td>Kernel modules to load automatically at system startup. Typically not required. See [[Additional Kernel Resources]] for more info.</td>
</tr><tr>
<td><code>/etc/conf.d/consolefont</code></td>
<td>Optional</td>
<td>Allows you to specify the default console font. To apply this font, enable the consolefont service by running rc-update add consolefont.</td>
</tr><tr>
<td><code>profiles</code></td>
<td>Optional</td>
<td>Some useful portage settings that may help speed up intial configuration.</td>
</tr>
{{TableEnd}}
 
If you're installing an English version of Funtoo Linux, you're in luck as most of the configuration files can be used as-is. If you're installing for another locale, don't worry. We will walk you through the necessary configuration steps on the [[Funtoo Linux Localization]] page, and if needed, there's always plenty of friendly, helpful support. (See [[#Community portal|Community]])


Let's go ahead and see what we have to do. Use <code>nano -w <name_of_file></code> to edit files -- the "<code>-w</code>" disables word-wrapping, which is handy when editing configuration files. You can copy and paste from the examples.
Nachdem die Systemuhr gesetzt ist sollte man diese Zeit auf die Hardware-Uhr kopieren, damit die Zeit nach dem naechsten neustart bestehen bleibt:
 
{{fancywarning|It's important to edit your <code>/etc/fstab</code> file before you reboot! You will need to modify both the "fs" and "type" columns to match the settings for your partitions and filesystems that you created with <code>gdisk</code> or <code>fdisk</code>. Skipping this step may prevent Funtoo Linux from booting successfully.}}
 
==== /etc/fstab ====
 
<code>/etc/fstab</code> is used by the <code>mount</code> command which is ran when your system boots. Statements of this file inform <code>mount</code> about partitions to be mounted and how they are mounted. In order for the system to boot properly, you must edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> and ensure that it reflects the partition configuration you used earlier:


<console>
<console>
(chroot) # ##i##nano -w /etc/fstab
# ##i##hwclock --systohc
</console>
</console>


<pre>
=== Installation des stage 3 Tarballs ===
# The root filesystem should have a pass number of either 0 or 1.
# All other filesystems should have a pass number of 0 or greater than 1.
#
# NOTE: If your BOOT partition is ReiserFS, add the notail option to opts.
#
# See the manpage fstab(5) for more information.
#
# <fs>     <mountpoint>  <type>  <opts>        <dump/pass>


/dev/sda1    /boot        ext2    noauto,noatime 1 2
Nachdem die Dateisysteme erstellt wurden und die Uhrzeit gesetzt ist, ist der naechste Schritt das herunterladen des Stage 3 Archivs.
/dev/sda2    none          swap    sw            0 0
Dabei handelt es sich um eine vorkompilierstes System das als Startpunkt fuer Funtoo Linux benutzt wird.
/dev/sda3    /            ext4    noatime        0 1
#/dev/cdrom  /mnt/cdrom    auto    noauto,ro      0 0
</pre>


{{Note|Currently, our default <code>/etc/fstab</code> has the root filesystem as <code>/dev/sda4</code> and the swap partition as <code>/dev/sda3</code>. These will need to be changed to <code>/dev/sda3</code> and <code>/dev/sda2</code>, respectively.}}
Um die richtige build Version zu installieren gehe zu [[Subarches}}. Subarches sind Builds von Funtoo Linux die auf eine bestimme CPU angepasst wurden um maximale Performance zu erzielen. Es koennen somit die optimalen Befehlssaetze der CPU genutzt werden.


{{Note|If you're using UEFI to boot, change the <code>/dev/sda1</code> line so it says <code>vfat</code> instead of <code>ext2</code>. Similarly, make sure that the <code>/dev/sda3</code> line specifies either <code>xfs</code> or <code>ext4</code>, depending on which filesystem you chose at filesystem-creation time.}}
Die [[Subarches]] Seite listet alle optimierten Versionen von Funtoo Linux. Suche die auf deine CPU passende heraus, und klicke auf ihren Namen in der ersten Spalte (Beispiel: <code>corei<\code> ). Von dieser Seite kann nun das Stage 3 Archiv heruntergeladen werden.


==== /etc/localtime ====
Fuer die meisten Subarches gibt es mehre verfuegbare Stage 3 Archive zur Auswahl. Der naechste Abschnitt wird dir erklaeren wie du die passende auswaehlst.


<code>/etc/localtime</code> is used to specify the timezone that your machine is in, and defaults to UTC. If you would like your Funtoo Linux system to use local time, you should replace <code>/etc/localtime</code> with a symbolic link to the timezone that you wish to use.
==== Welche Build Version? ====


<console>
'''Falls du nicht sicher bist nimm <code>funtoo-current</code>.'''
(chroot) # ##i##ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/MST7MDT /etc/localtime
</console>


The above sets the timezone to Mountain Standard Time (with daylight savings). Type <code>ls /usr/share/zoneinfo</code> to see what timezones are available. There are also sub-directories containing timezones described by location.
Funtoo Linux hat verschiedene 'builds':


==== /etc/make.conf ====
{{TableStart}}
<tr><th class="info">Build</th><th class="info">Description</th></tr>
<tr><td><code>funtoo-current</code></td><td>Der meistgewaehlte build fuer Funtoo Linux. Wird hauefig aktualisiert und von Desktop Benutzern bevorzugt.</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>funtoo-stable</code></td><td>Hat weniger haeufige Aktualisierungen und setzt auf vertrauenswuerdige und stabile Versionen eines Pakets.</td></tr>
{{TableEnd}}


MAKEOPTS can be used to define how many parallel compilations should occur when you compile a package, which can speed up compilation significantly. A rule of thumb is the number of CPUs (or CPU threads) in your system plus one. If for example you have a dual core processor without [[wikipedia:Hyper-threading|hyper-threading]], then you would set MAKEOPTS to 3:
==== Welche Variante? ====


<pre>
'''Falls du nicht sicher bist nimm <code>(None)</code>.'''
MAKEOPTS="-j3"
</pre>


If you are unsure about how many processors/threads you have then use nproc to help you.
Besides our "regular" stage3's listed with a variant of <code>(None)</code>, the following variant builds are available:
<console>
(chroot) # ##i##nproc
16
</console>


Set MAKEOPTS to this number plus one:
{{TableStart}}
<tr><th class="info">Variant</th><th class="info">Description</th></tr>
<tr><td>(None)</td><td>The "standard" version of Funtoo Linux</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>pure64</code></td><td>A 64-bit build that drops multilib (32-bit compatibility) support. Can be ideal for server systems.</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>hardened</code></td><td>Includes PIE/SSP toolchain for enhanced security. PIE does require the use of PaX in the kernel, while SSP works with any kernel, and provides enhanced security in user-space to avoid stack-based exploits.</td></tr>
{{TableEnd}}


<pre>
==== Download des Stage3 Archivs ====
MAKEOPTS="-j17"
</pre>


USE flags define what functionality is enabled when packages are built. It is not recommended to add a lot of them during installation; you should wait until you have a working, bootable system before changing your USE flags. A USE flag prefixed with a minus ("<code>-</code>") sign tells Portage not to use the flag when compiling. A Funtoo guide to USE flags will be available in the future. For now, you can find out more information about USE flags in the [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-amd64.xml?part=2&chap=2 Gentoo Handbook].
Once you have found the stage3 that you would like to download, use <code>wget</code> to download the Stage 3 tarball you have chosen to use as the basis for your new Funtoo Linux system. It should be saved to the <code>/mnt/funtoo</code> directory as follows:


LINGUAS tells Portage which local language to compile the system and applications in (those who use LINGUAS variable like OpenOffice). It is not usually necessary to set this if you use English. If you want another language such as French (fr) or German (de), set LINGUAS appropriately:
<console># ##i##cd /mnt/funtoo
# ##i##wget http://build.funtoo.org/funtoo-current/x86-64bit/generic_64/stage3-latest.tar.xz
</console>


<pre>
Note that 64-bit systems can run 32-bit or 64-bit stages, but 32-bit systems can only run 32-bit stages. Make sure that you select a Stage 3 build that is appropriate for your CPU. If you are not certain, it is a safe bet to choose the <code>generic_64</code> or <code>generic_32</code> stage. Consult the [[Subarches]] page for more information.
LINGUAS="fr"
</pre>


==== /etc/conf.d/hwclock ====
Once the stage is downloaded, extract the contents with the following command, substituting in the actual name of your stage 3 tarball:
If you dual-boot with Windows, you'll need to edit this file and change the value of '''clock''' from '''UTC''' to '''local''', because Windows will set your hardware clock to local time every time you boot Windows. Otherwise you normally wouldn't need to edit this file.
<console>
<console>
(chroot) # ##i##nano -w /etc/conf.d/hwclock
# ##i##tar xpf stage3-latest.tar.xz
</console>
</console>


==== Localization ====
{{important|It is very important to use <code>tar's</code> "<code>'''p'''</code>" option when extracting the Stage 3 tarball - it tells <code>tar</code> to ''preserve'' any permissions and ownership that exist within the archive. Without this option, your Funtoo Linux filesystem permissions will be incorrect.}}
 
By default, Funtoo Linux is configured with Unicode (UTF-8) enabled, and for the US English locale and keyboard. If you would like to configure your system to use a non-English locale or keyboard, see [[Funtoo Linux Localization]].

Revision as of 20:33, January 30, 2015


   Note

This is a template that is used as part of the Installation instructions which covers: the process of installing the Stage3 tarball. Templates are being used to allow multiple variant install guides that use most of the same re-usable parts.


Setzen des Datums

   Important

Falls das Datum oder die Zeit falsch sein sollte kann das dazu fuehren das Portage die Quelldateien nicht richtig herunterladen kann. Das liegt daran das einige Quelldatien ueber HTTPS heruntergeladen werden, welches SSL Zertifikate verwendent. Und diese werden mit einem Ablaufdatum versehen. Wenn das Datum aber nah genug am tatsaechlichen Datum ist kann dieser Schritt trotzdem funktionieren.

Jetzt ist es an der Zeit zu ueberpruefen ob das Datum richtigerweise auf UTC gesetzt ist. Man benutzt den date Befehl um das zu zu tun. 

root # date
Fri Jul 15 19:47:18 UTC 2011

Falls das Datum korrigiert werden muss kann dies auf folgende Weise getan werden date MMDDhhmmYYYY. Das untere Beispiel setzt das Datum auf den 16. Juli 2001 20:00 Uhr UTC: 

root # date 071620002011
Fri Jul 16 20:00:00 UTC 2011

Nachdem die Systemuhr gesetzt ist sollte man diese Zeit auf die Hardware-Uhr kopieren, damit die Zeit nach dem naechsten neustart bestehen bleibt: 

root # hwclock --systohc

Installation des stage 3 Tarballs

Nachdem die Dateisysteme erstellt wurden und die Uhrzeit gesetzt ist, ist der naechste Schritt das herunterladen des Stage 3 Archivs. Dabei handelt es sich um eine vorkompilierstes System das als Startpunkt fuer Funtoo Linux benutzt wird.

Um die richtige build Version zu installieren gehe zu [[Subarches}}. Subarches sind Builds von Funtoo Linux die auf eine bestimme CPU angepasst wurden um maximale Performance zu erzielen. Es koennen somit die optimalen Befehlssaetze der CPU genutzt werden.

Die Subarches Seite listet alle optimierten Versionen von Funtoo Linux. Suche die auf deine CPU passende heraus, und klicke auf ihren Namen in der ersten Spalte (Beispiel: corei<\code> ). Von dieser Seite kann nun das Stage 3 Archiv heruntergeladen werden.

Fuer die meisten Subarches gibt es mehre verfuegbare Stage 3 Archive zur Auswahl. Der naechste Abschnitt wird dir erklaeren wie du die passende auswaehlst.

Welche Build Version?

Falls du nicht sicher bist nimm funtoo-current.

Funtoo Linux hat verschiedene 'builds':

BuildDescription
funtoo-currentDer meistgewaehlte build fuer Funtoo Linux. Wird hauefig aktualisiert und von Desktop Benutzern bevorzugt.
funtoo-stableHat weniger haeufige Aktualisierungen und setzt auf vertrauenswuerdige und stabile Versionen eines Pakets.

Welche Variante?

Falls du nicht sicher bist nimm (None).

Besides our "regular" stage3's listed with a variant of (None), the following variant builds are available:

VariantDescription
(None)The "standard" version of Funtoo Linux
pure64A 64-bit build that drops multilib (32-bit compatibility) support. Can be ideal for server systems.
hardenedIncludes PIE/SSP toolchain for enhanced security. PIE does require the use of PaX in the kernel, while SSP works with any kernel, and provides enhanced security in user-space to avoid stack-based exploits.

Download des Stage3 Archivs

Once you have found the stage3 that you would like to download, use wget to download the Stage 3 tarball you have chosen to use as the basis for your new Funtoo Linux system. It should be saved to the /mnt/funtoo directory as follows: 

root # cd /mnt/funtoo
root # wget http://build.funtoo.org/funtoo-current/x86-64bit/generic_64/stage3-latest.tar.xz

Note that 64-bit systems can run 32-bit or 64-bit stages, but 32-bit systems can only run 32-bit stages. Make sure that you select a Stage 3 build that is appropriate for your CPU. If you are not certain, it is a safe bet to choose the generic_64 or generic_32 stage. Consult the Subarches page for more information.

Once the stage is downloaded, extract the contents with the following command, substituting in the actual name of your stage 3 tarball: 

root # tar xpf stage3-latest.tar.xz
   Important

It is very important to use tar's "p" option when extracting the Stage 3 tarball - it tells tar to preserve any permissions and ownership that exist within the archive. Without this option, your Funtoo Linux filesystem permissions will be incorrect.

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