Difference between pages "Subarches" and "Install/pt-br/Kernel"

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{{:Install/Header}}
=== Configurando e instalando o kernel Linux ===
= Funtoo Linux Sub-Architectures =
__NOTITLE__
This page provides an overview of Funtoo Linux sub-architectures (also called ''subarches'') designed for quick and easy reference. Funtoo Linux provides optimized installation images for all sub-architectures listed below. See the [[Funtoo Linux Installation|Funtoo Linux Installation Guide]] to install Funtoo Linux.


The cpuid application can be used to help identify your processor and it's microarchitecture.
Agora é hora de construir e instalar um kernel Linux, o qual é o coração de qualquer sistema Funtoo Linux. O kernel é carregado pelo boot loader, e interfaces diretamente com o hardware do seu sistema, e permite programas regulares (userspace) serem executador.
<console>
sudo emerge cpuid; cpuid | tail -n 1
</console>
 
== 64-bit AMD Processors ==
 
=== amd64-steamroller ===
<console>
CFLAGS: -march=bdver3 -O2 -pipe
CHOST: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
USE: mmx sse sse2 sse3 sse4 3dnow 3dnowext
</console>
 
The '''amd64-steamroller''' sub-architecture (subarch) supports the  [[Wikipedia:Steamroller (microarchitecture)|AMD steamroller microarchitecture]], produced from early 2014. It is the successor to the [[Wikipedia:Piledriver (microarchitecture)|AMD Piledriver microarchitecture]].
Steamroller APUs are available that use the [[Wikipedia:FM2+ Socket|FM2+ socket]] and  [[Wikipedia:Socket_FP3|FP3 socket]] (mobile.)
 
Desktop steamroller APUs include the [[Wikipedia:AMD_Accelerated_Processing_Unit#Steamroller_architecture_.282014.29:_Kaveri|A-Series with codename Kaveri]], such as the quad-core AMD A10-7850K APU. Steamroller APUs are also available in mobile versions. Server steamroller APUs will include the Berlin APUs, which are expected to be released some time in 2015.
 
Amd64-steamroller subarches are instruction-compatible with amd64-piledriver, but add new instructions over amd64-bulldozer.
 
=== amd64-jaguar ===
{{Note|This is a specialized low-power/mobile processor.}}
<console>
CFLAGS: -march=btver2 -O2 -pipe
CHOST: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
USE: mmx sse sse2 sse3 sse4 3dnow 3dnowext
</console>
 
The '''amd64-jaguar''' (also called AMD Family 16h) subarch supports the  [[Wikipedia:Jaguar (microarchitecture)|AMD jaguar microarchitecture]], which is targeted at low-power devices, including notebooks, tablets and small form-factor desktops and servers. It is perhaps most well-known for being the microarchitecture used for the [[Wikipedia:Playstation 4|Playstation 4]] and [[Wikipedia:Xbox One|Xbox One]], which each use custom 8-core Jaguar APUs.
Socketed Jaguar APUs use the [[Wikipedia:AM1 Socket|AM1 socket]], and  [[Wikipedia:Socket_FT3|FT3 socket]] for mobile devices. G-series [[Wikipedia:System_on_a_chip|"system on a chip" (SoC)]] APUs are available for non-socketed devices such as tablets and embedded system boards.
 
Desktop Jaguar APUs include the [[Wikipedia:List_of_AMD_accelerated_processing_unit_microprocessors#.22Kabini.22.2C_.22Temash.22_.282013.2C_28_nm.29|Kabini A-series APUs and Temash E-series APUs]], such as the Athlon 5150 and 5350 APUs, and Sempron 2650 and 3850.
 
Amd64-jaguar subarches use the MOVBE instruction which is not available on amd64-bulldozer, amd64-piledriver or amd64-steamroller. They are thus not instruction-compatible with any of these subarches.
 
=== amd64-piledriver ===
<console>
CFLAGS: -march=bdver2 -O2 -pipe
CHOST: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
USE: mmx sse sse2 sse3 sse4 3dnow 3dnowext
</console>


The '''amd64-piledriver''' subarch supports the [[Wikipedia:Piledriver (microarchitecture)|AMD Piledriver microarchitecture]] produced by AMD from mid-2012 through 2015, which is the successor to the [[Wikipedia:Bulldozer (microarchitecture)|AMD bulldozer microarchitecture]].  
Um kernel deve ser configurado propriamente para o hardware do seu sistema, desse modo ele suporta seus hard drives, file systems, placas de rede, e assim por diante. Usuários de Linux mais experientes pode escolher instalar o kernel sources e configurar e instalar seu próprio kernel. Se você não sabe como fazer isso, nós fornecemos ebuilds que construirão automaticamente um kernel "universal", módulos e initramfs para a inicialização do seu sistema que suporte todo o hardware. Esse é um jeito extremamente simples de construção de um kernel que colocará seu sistema para inicializar.
Piledriver CPUs and APUs are available that use the [[Wikipedia:FM2 Socket|FM2 socket]]. Desktop Piledriver CPUs use the [[Wikipedia:Socket_AM3+|AM3+ socket]]. Server Piledriver CPUs use a variety of sockets, including [[Wikipedia:Socket_AM3+|AM3+]], [[Wikipedia:Socket_C32|C32]] and [[Wikipedia:Socket_G34|G34]].


Desktop piledriver CPU and APUs include FX-series with codename Vishera (FX-8350, FX-8370),  [[Wikipedia:List_of_AMD_accelerated_processing_unit_microprocessors#Virgo:_.22Trinity.22_.282012.2C_32_nm.29|A-series with codename Trinity]] (A6-5400K, A10-5800K) and [[Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_accelerated_processing_unit_microprocessors#.22Richland.22_.282013.2C_32_nm.29_2|A-series with codename Richland]].  
Qual é o nosso objetivo? Para construir um kernel que reconhecerá todo o hardware em seu sistema necessário para inicialização, você será cumprimentado por um prompt de login amigável depois que a instalação estiver completa. Esses instruções lhe guiarão através do processo de instalação de um kernel no modo "fácil" -- sem exigir configuração do usuário, ao utilizar um kernel "universal".


Server piledriver CPUs include Opterons with codenames Delhi (Opteron 3300-series, [[Wikipedia:Socket_AM3+|AM3+]]), Seoul (Opteron 4300-series, [[Wikipedia:Socket_C32|C32]])  and Abu Dhabi (Opteron 6300-series, [[Wikipedia:Socket_G34|G34]]). A full listing of Opteron models [[Wikipedia:Opteron#Opteron_.2832_nm_SOI.29_-_Piledriver_Microarchitecture|is available here]].
==== Package Sets ====


Piledriver adds several new instructions over bulldozer, so AMD bulldozer systems cannot run amd64-piledriver-optimized stages. However, this subarch is  instruction-compatible with its successor, the, so amd64-piledriver stages can run on amd64-steamroller systems, and vice versa.
Antes que estalemos um kernel, vamos cobrir um recurso do Portage chamado package sets. Portage, o sistema gerenciador/ports de pacotes para o Funtoo Linux, manterá rastro de pacotes do sistema assim como pacotes que você tem instalado ao invocar <code>emerge</code> diretamente. Esses pacotes que são parte do sistema base são considerados parte do conjunto de pacote do "sistema", enquanto pacotes que você tem instalado ao digitá-los na linha de comando (tal qual "gnome" em <code>emerge gnome</code>) serão adicionados ao conjunto de pacote "world". Isso proporciona um jeito fácil de atualizar o sistema inteiro.


=== amd64-bulldozer ===
No entanto, as vezes é bom ser capaz de atualizar o kernel todo por sim só, ou deixar uma atualização do kernel fora da sua regular atualização completa do sistema. Para fazer isso, criaremo uma nova configuração de pacote chamada "kernel".
<console>
CFLAGS: -march=bdver1 -O2 -pipe
CHOST: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
USE: mmx sse sse2 sse3 sse4 3dnow 3dnowext
</console>


The '''amd64-bulldozer''' subarch supports the [[Wikipedia:Bulldozer (microarchitecture)|AMD bulldozer microarchitecture]] CPUs, which were released from late 2011 through the first quarter of 2012 as a replacement for the [[Wikipedia:AMD_10h|K10 microarchitecture]] CPUs.
==== Configuração de Pacote do Kernel ====
Bulldozer desktop CPUs use the [[Wikipedia:Socket_AM3+|AM3+ socket]] and server CPUs use the  [[Wikipedia:Socket_G34|G34 socket]].


Desktop bulldozer CPUs include the [[Wikipedia:List_of_AMD_FX_microprocessors#.22Zambezi.22_.2832_nm_SOI.29|Zambezi FX-series CPUs]]. Server bulldozer CPUs include Opterons with codenames Zurich (Opteron 3200-series), Valencia (Opteron 4200-series) and Interlagos (Opteron 6200 series). A complete list of Opteron models [[Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opteron#Opteron_.2832_nm_SOI.29-_First_Generation_Bulldozer_Microarchitecture|can be found here.]].
Para criar a configuração de pacote do kernel, realize os seguintes passos:


=== amd64-k10 ===
<console>
<console>
CFLAGS: -march=amdfam10 -O2 -pipe
(chroot) # ##i##mkdir /etc/portage/sets
CHOST: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
(chroot) # ##i##echo sys-kernel/debian-sources > /etc/portage/sets/kernel
USE: mmx sse sse2 sse3 3dnow 3dnowext
</console>
</console>


The '''amd64-k10''' subarch provides support for the [[Wikipedia:AMD_10h|AMD Family 10h processors]], which were released in late 2007 as a successor to the AMD K8 series processors.
Agora, vamos querer definir uma variável USE para dizer ao <code>debian-sources</code> que construa um kernel "universal" e o initramfs para nós, para levar Funtoo Linux a funcionamento na inicialização. Para fazer isso, vamos configurar a variável <code>binary</code> USE para <code>debian-sources</code>, como a seguir:
 
Desktop amd64-k10 CPUs include [[Wikipedia:AMD Phenom|AMD Phenom]], [[Wikipedia:AMD_10h#Phenom_II_Models|AMD Phenom II]] and [[Wikipedia:AMD_10h#Athlon_II_Models|AMD Athlon II]]. Server CPUs include Opterons with codenames Budapest, Barcelona, Suzuka, Shanghai, Istanbul, Lisbon, and Magny-Cours. A full listing of amd64-k10 Opteron models [[Wikipedia:List_of_AMD_Opteron_microprocessors#K10_based_Opterons|can be found here]].
 
== 64-bit Intel Processors ==
 
=== intel64-haswell ===
<console>
CFLAGS: -march=core-avx2 -O2 -pipe
CHOST: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
USE: mmx sse sse2 sse3 ssse3 sse4
</console>
 
The '''intel64-haswell''' subarch specifically supports processors based on Intel's [[Wikipedia:Haswell_(microarchitecture)|Haswell microarchitecture]]. Haswell desktop processors are branded as 4th Generation Intel Core i3, Core i5, and Core i7 Processors. Many of the released processors are APUs, containing integrated Intel graphics support. Haswell Xeon processors include the Xeon E5 v3 Family.
 
One of the new instruction sets with this subarch is '''AVX2''' (Advanced Vector Extensions 2), also known as ''Haswell New Instructions'', introduced June of 2013, as an expansion of the AVX instruction.
 
Intel AVX instructions require operating system support and have been in the Linux kernel since 2.6.30. Additionally, they require slightly more power to execute. When executing these instructions, the processor may run at less than the marked frequency to maintain thermal design power (TDP) limits. For more information about these instructions, see [http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/white-papers/performance-xeon-e5-v3-advanced-vector-extensions-paper.pdf this link].


=== corei7 ===
<console>
<console>
CFLAGS: -march=corei7 -O2 -pipe
(chroot) # ##i##echo "sys-kernel/debian-sources binary" >> /etc/portage/package.use
CHOST: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
USE: mmx sse sse2 sse3 ssse3 sse4
</console>
</console>


Beginning in November 2008, Intel launched the first Core i7 processor, codenamed [[Wikipedia:Bloomfield_(microprocessor)|Bloomfield]], based on the [[Wikipedia:Nehalem_(microarchitecture)|Nehalem]] microarchitecture. With this launch, they also added to and modified the conventions used in their [[Wikipedia:Intel_Core|Intel Core]] branding scheme. '''(Not to be confused with the [[Wikipedia:Intel Core (microarchitecture)|Intel Core microarchitecture]]. See [[Subarches#core2_64|core2_64]].)'''. This new naming scheme distinguishes between grades of processors rather than microarchitectures or design. Therefore, the '''corei7''' subarch supports the [[Wikipedia:Nehalem_(microarchitecture)|Nehalem]], [[Wikipedia:Westmere_(microarchitecture)|Westmere]], [[Wikipedia:Sandy_Bridge_(microarchitecture)|Sandy Bridge]],  [[Wikipedia:Ivy_Bridge_(microarchitecture)|Ivy Bridge]], and [[Wikipedia:Haswell_(microarchitecture)|Haswell]] microarchitectures under the follow brand names:
Se as varáveis USE forem novas para você, você estará se familiarizando com elas um pouco mais enquanto utiliza o Funtoo Linux. At their essence, ela são "switches" que você pode definir para configurar opções que podem ser construídas em vários pacotes. Elas são utilizadas para assim personalizar seu Funtoo Linux system para que conheça as suas exatas necessidades. We added support for a <code>binary</code> USE flag to the <code>debian-sources</code> ebuilds, as well as a few other of our kernel ebuilds, to make it easier for new users to get Funtoo Linux up and running.


* Intel Pentium/Celeron (low-level consumer)
Now, when we just want to update our system's packages, we'll type <code>emerge -auDN @world</code>, and it will update our world set, leaving out the kernel. Likewise, when we just want to update our kernel, we'll type <code>emerge -au @kernel</code>, and it will update our kernel, leaving out the world set.
* Intel Core i3 (entry-level consumer)
* Intel Core i5 (mainstream consumer)
* Intel Corei7 (high-end consumer/business)
* Intel Xeon (business server/workstation)
<br>
See the following links for a list of supported [[Wikipedia:Celeron|Celeron]], [[Wikipedia:Pentium|Pentium]], [[Wikipedia:Intel_Core#Nehalem_microarchitecture_based|Nehalem]], [[Wikipedia:Westmere_(microarchitecture)|Westmere]], [[Wikipedia:Intel_Core#Sandy_Bridge_microarchitecture_based|Sandy Bridge]], [[Wikipedia:Intel_Core#Ivy_Bridge_microarchitecture_based|Ivy Bridge]], and [[Wikipedia:Intel_Core#Haswell_microarchitecture_based|Haswell]] processors.


=== core2_64 ===
==== Building the Kernel ====
<console>
CFLAGS: -march=core2 -O2 -pipe
CHOST: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
USE: mmx sse sse2 sse3 ssse3
</console>


The '''core2_64''' subarch supports [[Wikipedia:Intel_Core#64-bit_Core_microarchitecture_based|64-bit-capable processors]] based on the [[Wikipedia:Intel Core (microarchitecture)|Core microarchitecture]] and all processors of the [[Wikipedia:Penryn_(microarchitecture)|Penryn microarchitecture]]. This includes all [[Wikipedia:Intel_Core_2|Intel Core 2]] branded processors, [[Wikipedia:Celeron#Core-based_Celerons|some Celeron]], [[Wikipedia:Pentium#Core_microarchitecture_based|some Pentium]] and [[Wikipedia:Xeon#Core-based_Xeon|some Xeon]] branded processors. These processors were introduced in July of 2006 and were phased out in July of 2011, in favor of  [[Wikipedia:Nehalem_(microarchitecture)|Nehalem-based]] processors.
{{Fancynote|1=
See [[Funtoo Linux Kernels]] for a full list of kernels supported in Funtoo Linux. We recommend <code>debian-sources</code> for new users.}}


See the following links for a list of supported [[Wikipedia:Celeron#Core-based_Celerons|Celeron]], [[Wikipedia:Pentium#Core_microarchitecture_based|Pentium]], [[Wikipedia:Xeon#Core-based_Xeon|Xeon]] and all  [http://ark.intel.com/search/advanced?s=t&FamilyText=Legacy%20Intel%C2%AE%20Core%E2%84%A22%20Processor Core 2] processors.
{{fancyimportant|1=
<code>debian-sources</code> with <code>binary</code> USE flag requires at least 14GB free in <code>/var/tmp</code> and takes around 1 hour to build on a Intel Core i7 Processor.}}


=== atom_64 ===
Let's emerge our kernel:
 
{{Note|This is a specialized low-power/mobile processor.}}


<console>
<console>
CFLAGS: -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer -march=atom -pipe -mno-movbe
(chroot) # ##i##emerge -1 @kernel
CHOST: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
USE: mmx sse sse2 sse3
</console>
</console>


The Intel Atom Processor is the common name for Intel's  [[Wikipedia:Bonnell_(microarchitecture)|Bonnell microarchitecture]], which represents a partial revival of the principles used in earlier Intel designs such as P5 and the i486, with the sole purpose of enhancing the performance per watt ratio. Successor to the [[Wikipedia:Stealey_(microprocessor)|Intel A100 series (Stealey)]], which was derived from the [[Wikipedia:Pentium_M|Pentium M]], the Intel Atom has been produced since 2008. Targeted at low-power devices, Atom processors can be found in a wide range of notebooks, tablets and small form-factor desktops and servers.  
{{Important|Right now, the <code>-1</code> option is required to not add our <code>@kernel</code> set to <code>world-sets</code>. This allows you to emerge it independently from @world. If you forget to use this option, edit <code>/var/lib/portage/world-sets</code> and remove the <code>@kernel</code> line. This will prevent kernel updates from being included in @world updates.}}


The '''atom_64''' sub-architecture supports 64-bit capable Intel Atom CPUs.  The first 64-bit capable Intel Atom CPUs were the Intel Atom 230 and 330, released in late 2008. However, Intel also continued to produce new 32-bit Atom Processors after this date. For example, the Atom N2xx series Atom Diamondville models cannot support 64-bit operation, while the 2xx and 3xx Diamondville, Pineview, Cedarview and Centerton can. A full list of 64-bit capable Intel Atom Processors [http://ark.intel.com/search/advanced?s=t&FamilyText=Intel%C2%AE%20Atom%E2%84%A2%20Processor&InstructionSet=64-bit can be seen here.]
Note that while use of the <code>binary</code> USE flag makes installing a working kernel extremely simple, it is one part of Funtoo Linux that takes a ''very'' long time to build from source, because it is building a kernel that supports ''all'' hardware that Linux supports! So, get the build started, and then let your machine compile. Slower machines can take up to several hours to build the kernel, and you'll want to make sure that you've set <code>MAKEOPTS</code> in <code>/etc/portage/make.conf</code> to the number of processing cores/threads (plus one) in your system before starting to build it as quickly as possible -- see the [[#/etc/portage/make.conf|/etc/portage/make.conf section]] if you forgot to do this.
 
{{Important|For 64-bit support to be functional, a 64-bit capable Atom Processor must be paired ''with a processor, chipset, and BIOS'' that all support [[Wikipedia:X86-64#Intel_64|Intel 64]]. If not all hardware supports 64-bit, then you must use the '''atom_32''' subarch instead.}}
 
== 64-bit Suport (Generic) ==
 
=== generic_64 ===
<console>
CFLAGS: -mtune=generic -O2 -pipe
CHOST: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
USE: mmx sse sse2
</console>


The '''generic_64''' subarch is designed to support 64-bit PC-compatible CPUs, such as the [[Wikipedia:AMD_K8|AMD K8-series processors]], which were introduced in late 2003. They were notable as the first processors that supported the [[Wikipedia:X86-64|AMD64 (also called X86-64) 64-bit instruction set]] for PC-compatible systems, which was introduced as a backwards-compatible 64-bit alternative to Intel's IA-64 architecture. Intel followed suit and also began supporting this 64-bit instruction set, which they called "[[Wikipedia:X86-64#Intel_64|Intel 64]]", by releasing X86-64 64-bit compatible CPUs from mid-2004 onwards (See [[Wikipedia:X86-64#Intel_64_implementations|Intel 64 implementations]].)
{{fancynote|NVIDIA card users: the <code>binary</code> USE flag installs the Nouveau drivers which cannot be loaded at the same time as the proprietary drivers, and cannot be unloaded at runtime because of KMS. You need to blacklist it under <code>/etc/modprobe.d/</code>.}}


AMD desktop 64-bit CPUs include the Athlon 64, Athlon 64 FX, Athlon 64 X2, Athlon X2, Turion 64, Turion 64 X2 and Sempron series processors. AMD server processors were released under the Opteron brand and have codenames SledgeHammer, Venus, Troy, Athens, Denmark, Italy, Egypt, Santa Ana and Santa Rosa. All Opterons released through late 2006 were based on the K8 microarchitecture with original X86-64 instructions.
{{fancynote|For an overview of other kernel options for Funtoo Linux, see [[Funtoo Linux Kernels]]. There may be modules that the Debian kernel doesn't include, a situation where [http://www.funtoo.org/wiki/Funtoo_Linux_Kernels#Using_Debian-Sources_with_Genkernel genkernel] would be useful. Also be sure to see [[:Category:Hardware Compatibility|hardware compatibility]] information.}}


{{:Install/Footer}}
Once <code>emerge</code> completes, you'll have a brand new kernel and initramfs installed to <code>/boot</code>, plus kernel headers installed in <code>/usr/src/linux</code>, and you'll be ready to configure the boot loader to load these to boot your Funtoo Linux system.

Revision as of 18:39, February 25, 2015

Configurando e instalando o kernel Linux

Agora é hora de construir e instalar um kernel Linux, o qual é o coração de qualquer sistema Funtoo Linux. O kernel é carregado pelo boot loader, e interfaces diretamente com o hardware do seu sistema, e permite programas regulares (userspace) serem executador.

Um kernel deve ser configurado propriamente para o hardware do seu sistema, desse modo ele suporta seus hard drives, file systems, placas de rede, e assim por diante. Usuários de Linux mais experientes pode escolher instalar o kernel sources e configurar e instalar seu próprio kernel. Se você não sabe como fazer isso, nós fornecemos ebuilds que construirão automaticamente um kernel "universal", módulos e initramfs para a inicialização do seu sistema que suporte todo o hardware. Esse é um jeito extremamente simples de construção de um kernel que colocará seu sistema para inicializar.

Qual é o nosso objetivo? Para construir um kernel que reconhecerá todo o hardware em seu sistema necessário para inicialização, você será cumprimentado por um prompt de login amigável depois que a instalação estiver completa. Esses instruções lhe guiarão através do processo de instalação de um kernel no modo "fácil" -- sem exigir configuração do usuário, ao utilizar um kernel "universal".

Package Sets

Antes que estalemos um kernel, vamos cobrir um recurso do Portage chamado package sets. Portage, o sistema gerenciador/ports de pacotes para o Funtoo Linux, manterá rastro de pacotes do sistema assim como pacotes que você tem instalado ao invocar emerge diretamente. Esses pacotes que são parte do sistema base são considerados parte do conjunto de pacote do "sistema", enquanto pacotes que você tem instalado ao digitá-los na linha de comando (tal qual "gnome" em emerge gnome) serão adicionados ao conjunto de pacote "world". Isso proporciona um jeito fácil de atualizar o sistema inteiro.

No entanto, as vezes é bom ser capaz de atualizar o kernel todo por sim só, ou deixar uma atualização do kernel fora da sua regular atualização completa do sistema. Para fazer isso, criaremo uma nova configuração de pacote chamada "kernel".

Configuração de Pacote do Kernel

Para criar a configuração de pacote do kernel, realize os seguintes passos:

(chroot) # mkdir /etc/portage/sets
(chroot) # echo sys-kernel/debian-sources > /etc/portage/sets/kernel

Agora, vamos querer definir uma variável USE para dizer ao debian-sources que construa um kernel "universal" e o initramfs para nós, para levar Funtoo Linux a funcionamento na inicialização. Para fazer isso, vamos configurar a variável binary USE para debian-sources, como a seguir:

(chroot) # echo "sys-kernel/debian-sources binary" >> /etc/portage/package.use

Se as varáveis USE forem novas para você, você estará se familiarizando com elas um pouco mais enquanto utiliza o Funtoo Linux. At their essence, ela são "switches" que você pode definir para configurar opções que podem ser construídas em vários pacotes. Elas são utilizadas para assim personalizar seu Funtoo Linux system para que conheça as suas exatas necessidades. We added support for a binary USE flag to the debian-sources ebuilds, as well as a few other of our kernel ebuilds, to make it easier for new users to get Funtoo Linux up and running.

Now, when we just want to update our system's packages, we'll type emerge -auDN @world, and it will update our world set, leaving out the kernel. Likewise, when we just want to update our kernel, we'll type emerge -au @kernel, and it will update our kernel, leaving out the world set.

Building the Kernel

   Note

See Funtoo Linux Kernels for a full list of kernels supported in Funtoo Linux. We recommend debian-sources for new users.

   Important

debian-sources with binary USE flag requires at least 14GB free in /var/tmp and takes around 1 hour to build on a Intel Core i7 Processor.

Let's emerge our kernel:

(chroot) # emerge -1 @kernel
   Important

Right now, the -1 option is required to not add our @kernel set to world-sets. This allows you to emerge it independently from @world. If you forget to use this option, edit /var/lib/portage/world-sets and remove the @kernel line. This will prevent kernel updates from being included in @world updates.

Note that while use of the binary USE flag makes installing a working kernel extremely simple, it is one part of Funtoo Linux that takes a very long time to build from source, because it is building a kernel that supports all hardware that Linux supports! So, get the build started, and then let your machine compile. Slower machines can take up to several hours to build the kernel, and you'll want to make sure that you've set MAKEOPTS in /etc/portage/make.conf to the number of processing cores/threads (plus one) in your system before starting to build it as quickly as possible -- see the /etc/portage/make.conf section if you forgot to do this.

   Note

NVIDIA card users: the binary USE flag installs the Nouveau drivers which cannot be loaded at the same time as the proprietary drivers, and cannot be unloaded at runtime because of KMS. You need to blacklist it under /etc/modprobe.d/.

   Note

For an overview of other kernel options for Funtoo Linux, see Funtoo Linux Kernels. There may be modules that the Debian kernel doesn't include, a situation where genkernel would be useful. Also be sure to see hardware compatibility information.

Once emerge completes, you'll have a brand new kernel and initramfs installed to /boot, plus kernel headers installed in /usr/src/linux, and you'll be ready to configure the boot loader to load these to boot your Funtoo Linux system.