Difference between revisions of "Funtoo:Metatools/Advanced Usage"

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{{Subpages|Gitolite Setup}}
{{Subpages|Gitolite Setup}}
{{Important|These pages are out of date. Please see the latest [[Funtoo:Metatools]] page for usage information.}}


== Overview ==
== Overview ==
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Funtoo Linux uses "merge scripts" to create its kits and update meta-repo. These scripts work by sourcing ebuilds from various overlays, and combining them using special algorithms to yield the kits you use. A meta-repo is also generated, which points to the specific kits generated that are designed to work together.
Funtoo Linux uses "merge scripts" to create its kits and update meta-repo. These scripts work by sourcing ebuilds from various overlays, and combining them using special algorithms to yield the kits you use. A meta-repo is also generated, which points to the specific kits generated that are designed to work together.


Required for merge scripts is  {{c|dev-python/lxml}}.
Before starting, please read and understand the following pages:
* [[Kit-fixups]]
* [[Kit-fixups/FAQ]]


== Different Approaches ==
== Different Approaches ==


{{c|merge-all-kits}} can be used in a variety of ways. If you are an individual developer, you may want to use {{c|merge-all-kits}} in ''developer mode'', which is its default configuration. Developer mode makes it easy to generate a meta-repo and kits that you can test locally.
{{c|merge-all-kits}} can be used in a variety of ways. If you are an individual developer, you may want to use {{c|merge-all-kits}} in ''developer mode'', which is its default mode. Developer mode makes it easy to generate a meta-repo and kits that you can test locally.


In developer mode, a {{c|meta-repo}} and all automatically-generated kit git repositories are created from scratch. These git repositories will have no remotes, so they will simply exist locally on disk locally, and they will not have any history shared with the Funtoo project. It you look at the commit history for the kits and meta-repo, you will see that they essentially have no history. When
In developer mode, a {{c|meta-repo}} and all automatically-generated kit git repositories are created from scratch. These git repositories will have no remotes, so they will simply exist locally on disk, and they will not have any history shared with the Funtoo project. It you look at the commit history for the kits and meta-repo, you will see that they essentially have no history.


Another way to use {{c|merge-all-kits}} is with {{c|gitolite}} as a remote, which is documented under the [[#Gitolite Setup|Gitolite Setup]] sub-page. Using this configuration, {{c|merge-all-kits}} will write all of its destination git repositories to gitolite. You can then configure other systems to {{c|ego sync}} from gitolite as a source. This can be good in a distributed development environment. This method can also be used to create a meta-repo and kits that ''diverge'' from Funtoo's kit but still connect to its history.
Another way to use {{c|merge-all-kits}} is with {{c|gitolite}} as a remote, which is documented under the [[#Gitolite Setup|Gitolite Setup]] sub-page. Using this configuration, {{c|merge-all-kits}} will write all of its destination git repositories to gitolite. You can then configure other systems to {{c|ego sync}} from gitolite as a source. This can be good in a distributed development environment. This method can also be used to create a meta-repo and kits that ''diverge'' from Funtoo's kit but still connect to its history.
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== Getting The Code ==
== Getting The Code ==


You can find the code that does this on code.funtoo.org, housed at https://code.funtoo.org/bitbucket/projects/CORE/repos/merge-scripts/browse. The script that does all the heavy-lifting is called {{c|merge-all-kits}}. Let's clone it from git, on the machine that will be generating new kits and meta-repo:
You can find the code that does this on code.funtoo.org, housed at [https://code.funtoo.org/bitbucket/projects/CORE/repos/merge-scripts/browse code.funtoo.org]. The script that does all the heavy-lifting is called {{c|merge-all-kits}}. Let's clone it from git, on the machine that will be generating new kits and meta-repo:


{{console|body=
{{console|body=
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}}
}}


== Configuration ==
== Configuration and Paths ==


In general, you should run {{c|merge-all-kits}} as a regular user, and this user needs to be a member of the {{c|portage}} group.
In general, you should run {{c|merge-all-kits}} as a regular user, and this user needs to be a member of the {{c|portage}} group.
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meta-repo = master
meta-repo = master
}}
}}
By default, {{c|merge-all-kits}} will create a {{c|~/repo_tmp}} directory where it will store all of its work. Inside {{f|~/repo_tmp/source-trees}}, source git trees that will be used to generate meta-repo will be cloned. Inside {{f|~/repo_tmp/dest-trees}}, git repositories will be created to write results into. The meta-repo will be stored at {{c|/~repo_temp/dest-trees/meta-repo}}, and in developer mode, the kits will be stored in meta-repo, at {{c|~/repo_tmp/dest-trees/meta-repo/kits}}, so that meta-repo is configured 'ready to use' at it would appear at {{f|/var/git/meta-repo}}. When 'production' mode is specified via the {{c|--prod}} switch, the meta-repo will not have kits stacked inside it but instead the kits will be written directly into {{c|~/repo_tmp/dest-trees}}.
A metadata cache will also be created and stored at {{c|~/repo_tmp/metadata-cache}}, and your user must be a member of the {{c|portage}} group for {{c|merge-all-scripts}} to be able to properly generate the metadata cache.


== Running Merge-All-Kits ==
== Running Merge-All-Kits ==
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# ##i##emerge foo
# ##i##emerge foo
}}
}}
== Package Sets ==
'''Package sets''' define which catpkgs go in which kits. The package set files are located at {{c|kit-fixups/package-sets}}. They can either consist of a single file named {{c|(kit)-packages}} or a directory with the same name. In the case of a directory, all of the files inside the directory are concatenated and used as a package set.
=== Package Set Format ===
Package sets are a text-based format that consist of one catpkg entry per line. Let's look at the various types of package sets entries:
{{TableStart}}
<tr><th>Entry type</th><th>Example</th><th>Explanation</th></tr>
<tr><td>literal</td><td>{{c|sys-apps/portage}}</td><td>Specify a single catpkg by exact name.</td></tr>
<tr><td>literal with move</td><td>{{c|sys-apps/oldpkg -> sys-foo/newpkg}}<td>Specify a catpkg by exact name, but copy it over as a new name.</td></tr>
<tr><td>category wildcard</td><td>{{c|sys-apps/*}}</td><td>Specify all packages that appear in a particular category.</td></tr>
<tr><td>category wildcard with exceptions</td><td>{{c|sys-apps/* -sys-apps/foo -sys-apps/bar}}</td><td>Specify all packages that appear in a particular category, with some exceptions.</td></tr>
<tr><td>regex</td><td>{{c|sys-.*/foo.*}}</td><td>Specify all catpkgs that match a particular regex.</td></tr>
<tr><td>dependencies in category</td><td>{{c|@depsincat@:x11-base/xorg-x11:media-fonts}}</td><td>In this example, anything in the {{c|media-fonts}} category that has dependencies upon {{c|x11-base/xorg-x11}}.</td></tr>
<tr><td>maintainer</td><td>{{c|@maintainer@:dev-lang:ml@gentoo.org}}</td><td>In this example, all {{c|dev-lang}} packages that have a maintainer of {{c|ml@gentoo.org}}.</td></tr>
<tr><td>has eclass</td><td>{{c|@has_eclass@:kde5}}</td><td>In this example, all catpkgs that use an eclass of {{c|kde5.eclass}}.</td></tr>
<tr><td>category has eclass</td><td>{{c|@cat_has_eclass@:x11-apps:xorg-2}}</td><td>In this example, all catpkgs in the {{c|x11-apps}} category that use an eclass of {{c|xorg-2.eclass}}.</td></tr>
{{TableEnd}}
{{Important|It is possible to blacklist certain catpkgs for inclusion in particular kit by creating a "skip" list at {{f|kit-fixups/package-sets/mykitnamehere-packages-skip}}. This file can contain individual catpkgs, one per line, that should not be included in the package-set, even if they match any rules above. Note that you must use literal
catpkgs in the skip list -- no patterns or other special matches are supported.}}
==== Inline Package Moves ====
{{Note|The "literal with move" option is a new feature, described below.}}
The "literal with move" package set syntax described above is one way to tell the merge scripts to copy a catpkg from a source location but give it a new catpkg name, and they are specified directly in the package-set files.
If the old package name is found, it will be copied over as the new name. If the old name is not found, but the new name is found, the new name will be copied over as the new name. So either the old name or the new name, if found, will be copied over.
===== Move-Maps =====
You can also specify package moves by creating a file called {{f|kit-fixups/move-maps/kitname}} containing the same "literal with move" syntax. Global move maps can be placed in {{f|kit-fixups/move-maps/global}}. Also note that {{f|kit-fixups/move-maps/nokit}} or {{f|kit-fixups/move-maps/global}} is the only way to perform funtoo package moves for nokit. I recommend using the "global" method since it will still automatically work if someone else moves your package into a kit.
This move-maps functionality works similarly to package-moves that appear within a kit package-set, except that these moves do not automatically add either specified catpkg to the kit. So there must be something in the package-set that matches the old package name. After the old package is matched, additional logic looks at the move-maps and see if the match is in a move-map that tells us to copy it over as the "new" name. The old package will be copied over as the new name.
If you need to just rename a single package in a kit, it's fine to use the inline method. For more capability, {{f|move-maps/}} are your friend. They're more powerful because a move-map specified with {{f|move-maps/}} will also apply to any special wildcard package-set matches via {{c|@regex@}}, etc, whereas the inline method is limited by design. Also, the out-of-band method allows you to perform package moves on catpkgs in nokit.
{{Important|Package moves give you the ability to rename catpkgs as they appear in kits. We still need to add functionality to provide this data to Portage so that it can update any package database entries for packages installed under the old name. This part is not done yet, so this is considered a testing-only feature for the time being and should only be used on local kit-fixups overlays for testing, not in our official kit-fixups repo yet.}}
=== Package Sets -- Putting It All Together ===
Here are some important facts about package sets:
# Package set matches are executed in a particular order, and this order is defined by the order of kits in {{c|kit_groups}} in {{c|foundations.py}}.
# Once a catpkg is matched during processing of a kit, that catpkg is assigned to that kit, and cannot appear in another kit.
# If a catpkg is included in a particular branch of a kit, then that catpkg will appear in all branches of that kit, assuming it is available.
# Each kit and branch defined in {{c|kit_groups}} specifies a "source" -- an entry in {{c|kit_source_defs}} which in turn defines a stack of repositories/overlays and associated SHA1 commits to use as sources for catpkgs.
So, here's how the package set processing would begin. If we look at {{c|kit_groups}} in {{c|foundations.py}}, we see that core-kit 1.0-prime is listed first. So we will look for catpkg matches for core-kit 1.0-prime using the {{c|kit-fixups/package-sets/core-kit-packages}} package set directory. We will apply these match rules against the {{c|gentoo_prime_protected}} kit source definition, and we will look for matches in each repository in the order listed in the {{c|kit_source_defs}} entry. The first match we find will be used as the source catpkg. But remember that we have specific rules in place, defined in the {{c|overlays}} property, that effectively gives gentoo-staging priority for most of the catpkgs.
After this is done, we will then process core-kit 1.2-prime, since 1.1-prime is deprecated and will be skipped, and then continue to core-hw-kit, and continue to work down the {{c|kit_groups}} list. This process will build up a set of catpkgs that will appear in each kit.
== Kit Fixups ==
And finally, we have saved a very key part of the kit generation process for last. The {{c|kit-fixups}} repository is so named because it contains ''fixups'', which are forked Funtoo catpkgs that are used to override catpkgs that appear in the upstream overlays and repositories. They have a special structure. We will look at the structure of the core-kit fixup directory, although others will follow the same model:
{{TableStart}}
<tr><th>CatPkg Path</th><th>Description</th></tr>
<tr><td>{{f|kit-fixups/core-kit/global/sys-apps/portage}}</td><td>Due to the {{c|global}} directory, this catpkg will always be used when a package set specifies a match for {{c|sys-apps/portage}}, for '''all''' branches of core-kit.</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{f|kit-fixups/core-kit/curated/sys-apps/portage}}</td><td>Due to the {{c|curated}} directory, this catpkg will always be used when a package set specifies a match for {{c|sys-apps/portage}}, for '''all''' branches of core-kit '''except a master branch.'''</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{f|kit-fixups/core-kit/1.2-prime/sys-apps/portage}}</td><td>Due to the {{c|1.2-prime}} directory, this catpkg will always be used when a package set specifies a match for {{c|sys-apps/portage}}, for the '''1.2-prime''' branch of core-kit only.</td></tr>
{{TableEnd}}
Remember that kit-fixups is designed so that ''a fixup will always override any upstream packages.'' This makes it easy to keep track of Funtoo-maintained core packages. And also note that the flora repository should be used for "bonus" packages while kit-fixups should focus more on forks of critical system packages and bug fixes for Funtoo. This way, we can keep contributed ebuilds separate from core operating system ebuilds and associated bug fixes for upstream issues.
== Developer Q&A ==
This section contains various tasks that a developer may need to perform, and what steps should be taken to perform each of these steps.
; I want to move a catpkg sys-apps/blah from core-kit to foobar-kit.: To do this, first we'll note that ''core-kit comes before foobar-kit in {{c|kit_groups}}. This means that core-kit's package set rules will run first. So we will want to make sure that sys-apps/blah does '''not''' match any rules in the core-kit package-set. This can be done by possibly removing a package-set rule, or using a wildcard with exclusion like {{c|sys-apps/* -sys-apps/blah}}. ''If this doesn't work, a file can be created called {{f|core-kit-packages-skip}} which contains exclusions, and sys-apps/blah can be added to a line in this file.''  Then, you will want to make sure that sys-apps/blah ''does'' match a package set rule for foobar-kit.
; I want to move a catpkg sys-apps/blah from foobar-kit to core-kit.: To do this, first we'll note that ''foobar-kit comes after core-kit in {{c|kit-groups}}, so core-kit's package set rules will run first. We can thus simply add something that will match 'sys-apps/blah' to core-kit's package-set rules. Once sys-apps/blah is included in core-kit, it will not be available for inclusion in foobar-kit, even if it has an identical rule, or a rule like 'sys-apps/*'. However, note that it is good practice to clean up any rules in foobar-kit that you know are no longer matching any catpkgs.
{{Note|The above two approaches can be used to move catpkgs between kits transparently to the end-user. In the next ego sync, the catpkg will atomically move from one kit to another and no re-emerging will be required, even if the user had emerged the package from the 'old' kit location.}}
; I want to contribute a cool package to Funtoo.: To do this, you will want to open a pull request against [https://code.funtoo.org/bitbucket/projects/CO/repos/flora/browse flora]. Flora is used for all 'bonus' community-contributed ebuilds.
; I want to fix a bug in a particular ebuild.: To do this, first find out where the ebuild is coming from. A good way to do this is to type {{c|ls -d /var/git/meta-repo/kits/*/sys-apps/foobar}}, which will show you what kit it is in. Running {{c|emerge -s sys-apps/foobar}} will also display this information. For research purposes, it is often useful to find where the original catpkg was sourced from. You can consult https://ports.funtoo.org/packages.xml which contains a list of all catpkgs and their source repository. After doing some initial research and seeing what's wrong, you might have a fix for the ebuild. Generally, the best way to fix the ebuild is to fork [https://code.funtoo.org/bitbucket/projects/CORE/repos/kit-fixups/browse kit-fixups] and create an appropriate fixup for the ebuild if none exists, and simply improve our fixup if one exists already. Then you can create a code.funtoo.org pull request, or open a bug on bugs.funtoo.org, or both. Remember that fixup catpkgs will totally replace all upstream ebuilds, so you may need to include multiple versions of the ebuild, even ones that don't need a fix, if they are still needed for certain packages.
{{Note|If you want to fix a bug in an ebuild and you find that the ebuild comes from flora, you will want to fork flora and submit a pull request against flora instead.}}
; I want to make a particular branch of a kit the default kit.: To do this, you will modify {{c|kit_groups}} and set the kit you want to be default to have {{c|'default' : True}} or {{c|'stability' : KitStabilityRating.PRIME}}, or both. Only one kit branch can be set as default.
; I don't want to generate a particular branch of a kit.: To prevent a branch of a kit from being generated, set its {{c|stability}} to {{c|KitStabilityRating.DEPRECATED}} in {{c|kit_groups}}.
; I want to generate a new kit branch that uses much newer ebuilds from Gentoo or from an upstream repo.: First, define a new entry in {{c|kit_source_defs}} that contains the collection of overlays and repos you want to use as sources. Specify the SHA1 commits you want to use for each repo (or don't specify one to use master.) Then, you will want to add a new kit definition to {{c|kit_groups}}, in the "prime" section.
; I want to include a package in Funtoo, but move it to a new name.: To do this, use the "literal with package move" format in the package set (see section on [[#Package Moves]], above). You can also use files in {{f|kit_fixups/move-maps/kitname}} or {{f|kit_fixups/move-maps/global}} (info in a note below the Package Set syntax section.).
{{Important|Be sure to stop by {{c|#funtoo-dev}} on irc.freenode.net if you need further assistance! We are here to help.}}


[[Category:Official Documentation]]
[[Category:Official Documentation]]
[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Development]]

Latest revision as of 21:47, June 8, 2022

Subpages:
Gitolite Setup
   Important

These pages are out of date. Please see the latest Funtoo:Metatools page for usage information.

Overview

Funtoo Linux uses "merge scripts" to create its kits and update meta-repo. These scripts work by sourcing ebuilds from various overlays, and combining them using special algorithms to yield the kits you use. A meta-repo is also generated, which points to the specific kits generated that are designed to work together.

Before starting, please read and understand the following pages:

Different Approaches

merge-all-kits can be used in a variety of ways. If you are an individual developer, you may want to use merge-all-kits in developer mode, which is its default mode. Developer mode makes it easy to generate a meta-repo and kits that you can test locally.

In developer mode, a meta-repo and all automatically-generated kit git repositories are created from scratch. These git repositories will have no remotes, so they will simply exist locally on disk, and they will not have any history shared with the Funtoo project. It you look at the commit history for the kits and meta-repo, you will see that they essentially have no history.

Another way to use merge-all-kits is with gitolite as a remote, which is documented under the Gitolite Setup sub-page. Using this configuration, merge-all-kits will write all of its destination git repositories to gitolite. You can then configure other systems to ego sync from gitolite as a source. This can be good in a distributed development environment. This method can also be used to create a meta-repo and kits that diverge from Funtoo's kit but still connect to its history.

Finally, the merge-all-kits script can be run in a production mode, which is very similar to using it with gitolite except that you may be pushing up your destination meta-repo and kits to a public location like GitHub or GitLab.

When first starting out with merge-all-kits, you should definitely start with developer mode and see if that meets your needs first.

Getting The Code

You can find the code that does this on code.funtoo.org, housed at code.funtoo.org. The script that does all the heavy-lifting is called merge-all-kits. Let's clone it from git, on the machine that will be generating new kits and meta-repo: 

user $ git clone https://code.funtoo.org/bitbucket/scm/core/merge-scripts.git

You will also want to install the following dependencies so that the code can run: 

root # emerge jinja lxml

Configuration and Paths

In general, you should run merge-all-kits as a regular user, and this user needs to be a member of the portage group.

In the user's home directory, create a ~/.merge directory with the following contents:

   /root/.merge 
[sources]

flora = https://code.funtoo.org/bitbucket/scm/co/flora.git
kit-fixups = https://code.funtoo.org/bitbucket/scm/co/flora.git
gentoo-staging = https://code.funtoo.org/bitbucket/scm/auto/gentoo-staging.git

[branches]

flora = master
kit-fixups = master
meta-repo = master

By default, merge-all-kits will create a ~/repo_tmp directory where it will store all of its work. Inside ~/repo_tmp/source-trees, source git trees that will be used to generate meta-repo will be cloned. Inside ~/repo_tmp/dest-trees, git repositories will be created to write results into. The meta-repo will be stored at /~repo_temp/dest-trees/meta-repo, and in developer mode, the kits will be stored in meta-repo, at ~/repo_tmp/dest-trees/meta-repo/kits, so that meta-repo is configured 'ready to use' at it would appear at /var/git/meta-repo. When 'production' mode is specified via the --prod switch, the meta-repo will not have kits stacked inside it but instead the kits will be written directly into ~/repo_tmp/dest-trees.

A metadata cache will also be created and stored at ~/repo_tmp/metadata-cache, and your user must be a member of the portage group for merge-all-scripts to be able to properly generate the metadata cache.

Running Merge-All-Kits

To run merge-all-kits, use it as follows: 

user $ path/to/merge-scripts/bin/merge-all-kits 1.4-release

The script will then run, and it will git clone flora, kit-fixups and gentoo-staging from the URIs in the ~/.merge file, and assemble them into a complete meta-repo. The meta-repo will be located at $HOME/repo_tmp/dest-trees/meta-repo.

To use the meta-repo for testing, you can add the following lines to /etc/ego.conf:

   /etc/ego.conf 
[global]
meta_repo_path = /home/user/repo_tmp/dest-trees/meta-repo

Then, using ego 2.8.0 or later, run the following command: 

root # ego sync --in-place

This will ensure that the proper kit branches in your meta-repo are checked out and that all the repos.conf and profiles files in /etc/portage are configured correctly for your repository to be used. Note that no actual "git pull" will be performed -- this is intentional and a special feature of the --in-place option -- because your local git repositories have no remotes to pull from and contain all the information they need to be used.

You're now ready to use your meta-repo directly: 

root # emerge foo
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