Difference between revisions of "KDE Plasma Desktop"

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(Old single KDE guide. Has since been split into two pages: one each for KDE SC 4 and KDE Plasma 5. Set to redirect.)
 
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[https://www.kde.org/workspaces/plasmadesktop/ KDE Plasma] is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environment desktop environment] developed by the [https://www.kde.org KDE Community]. KDE Plasma is based on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt_%28software%29 Qt] framework. Funtoo Linux offers KDE Plasma together with a variety of [https://www.kde.org/applications/ Applications] also from [https://www.kde.org KDE]. Through Qt and a common platform of libraries and services, KDE Plasma combined with KDE Applications aims to deliver a desktop environment that is tightly integrated and visually consistent.
#REDIRECT [[KDE Plasma 5]]
 
Currently there are two versions of the KDE Plasma Desktop available for Funtoo Linux - Plasma 4 and Plasma 5.
 
'''KDE Plasma 4''' was released in 2008 [https://www.kde.org/announcements/4.0/] and is the more stable version of Plasma available for Funtoo Linux. '''KDE Plasma 5''' was released in 2014 [https://www.kde.org/announcements/plasma5.0/] and while being the target of new developments is subject to a greater number of bugs or instability issues. While the full suite of KDE Applications is optimized for Plasma 4 a number of these Applications are yet to be optimized for Plasma 5.
 
This guide aims to cover the steps required to achieve a basic install of KDE Plasma on x86 architectures following the completion of the [[Install]] guide.
 
External Links:
 
[https://www.kde.org www.kde.org]
 
[https://www.kde.org/workspaces/plasmadesktop/ www.kde.org/workspaces/plasmadesktop/]
 
[https://www.kde.org/applications/ www.kde.org/applications/]
 
[https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/KDE wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/KDE]
 
__TOC__
 
== Pre-Installation ==
The following instructions are written for a new installation of Funtoo Linux performed using the [[Install]] guide.
 
=== Funtoo Profiles ===
Correctly setting [[Funtoo Profiles]] is required to install KDE. Review the selected profiles using [[Funtoo_Profiles#Using_epro|epro]].
 
{{console|body=
###i## epro show
}}
 
The recommended [[Funtoo_Profiles#Flavors|flavor]] for KDE is ''desktop''. This can be selected with the following command.
 
{{console|body=
###i## epro flavor desktop
}}
 
With the [[Funtoo_Profiles#Flavors|flavor]] has been set to ''desktop'', update Funtoo with the following command.
 
{{console|body=
###i## emerge --ask --update --verbose --deep --newuse --with-bdeps=y @world
}}
 
{{tip|This command can be shorted to
 
{{console|body=
###i## emerge -auvDN --with-bdeps=y @world
}}
}}
 
=== Install the X Window System ===
KDE requires the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System X Window System (X11)] to present graphics (video) and the use of input devices (keyboard, mouse, joystick, etc.). Configuration is required in order for X11 to work with your particular video card. Use the [[Video]] guide to determine the appropriate VIDEO_CARDS entry for your install of Funtoo Linux. Using your favorite editor, edit make.conf to include the setting that you wish to apply.
 
{{file|name=/etc/portage/make.conf|desc=example for Intel HD Graphics|body=
VIDEO_CARDS="intel i965"
}}
 
Now install the X Window System by merging the meta-package {{Package|x11-base/xorg-x11}}
 
{{console|body=
###i## emerge --ask ---verbose x11-base/xorg-x11
}}
 
=== Localization ===
To install KDE for a language other than English (United States) add an appropriate LINGUAS entry to {{f|/etc/portage/make.conf}}
 
{{file|name=/etc/portage/make.conf|desc=Example for English (United Kingdom)|body=
LINGUAS="en_GB"
}}
 
{{tip|More information on Localization can be found at [[Funtoo Linux Localization]].}}
 
== Emerge KDE Plasma ==
Choose a version of KDE Plasma.
 
=== KDE Plasma 4 - recommended ===
Earlier [[Funtoo Profiles]] were set to the ''desktop'' flavor. Now an additional [[Funtoo_Profiles#Mix-ins|mix-in]] profile is required to provide a smooth installation of KDE Plasma 4.
 
There are two KDE-related mix-ins available in Funtoo: ''kde'' and ''kde-plasma-5''. '''The mix-in required for Plasma 4 is ''kde''''', NOT ''kde-plasma-5''. Add the mix-in using {{c|epro}}
 
{{console|body=
###i## epro mix-in kde
}}
 
This is the point to emerge KDE Plasma 4. There are two options to choose from.
 
One option is to merge the basic KDE Plasma 4 packages followed by any number of optional KDE Applications meta-packages. The package to merge is kde-apps/kdebase-meta and optional meta-packages are found under the category kde-apps (e.g. kde-apps/kdegames-meta).
 
The other (and recommended) option is to emerge the kde-base/kde-meta. This will install KDE Plasma 4 together with the full suite of KDE Applications and underlying libraries and services (known as KDE Platform). Collectively this is referred to by KDE as the ''KDE Software Compilation 4'' or simply KDE SC 4.
 
Since the Profile has changed (added mix-in) the world set of packages must be updated in addition to emerging KDE meta-packages. These actions can be performed in one step
 
{{console|body=
###i## emerge -auvDN --with-bdeps=y @world kde-base/kde-meta
}}
 
Once completed proceed to the chapter [[KDE#Configure_and_Start_KDE|Configure and Start KDE]].
 
=== KDE Plasma 5 ===
Earlier [[Funtoo Profiles]] were set to the ''desktop'' flavor. Now an additional [[Funtoo_Profiles#Mix-ins|mix-in]] profile is required to provide a smooth installation of KDE Plasma 5.
 
There are two KDE-related mix-ins available in Funtoo: ''kde'' and ''kde-plasma-5''. '''The mix-in required for Plasma 4 is ''kde-plasma-5''''', NOT ''kde''. Add the mix-in using {{c|epro}}
 
{{console|body=
###i## epro mix-in kde-plasma-5
}}
 
This is the point to emerge KDE Plasma 5. The can be performed by merging the package kde-plasma/plasma-meta. Since the Profile has changed (added mix-in) the world set of packages must be updated as well. These actions can be performed in one step
 
{{console|body=
###i## emerge -auvDN --with-bdeps=y @world kde-plasma/plasma-meta
}}
 
Unlike the KDE SC 4 meta-package (kde-base/kde-meta) merging kde-plasma/plasma-meta will not install a number of core KDE Applications required for a working desktop environment such as file manager or terminal emulator. Some useful packages to include with KDE Plasma 5 are
 
* kde-apps/kdebase-runtime-meta (useful core applications)
* kde-apps/dolphin (File Manager for KDE Plasma desktops)
* kde-apps/kate (An advanced text editor for KDE)
* kde-apps/kdemultimedia-meta (sound mixer applications for sound and video playback)
* kde-apps/konsole (KDE's terminal emulator)
 
Merge these using one command
 
{{console|body=
###i## emerge --ask kdebase-runtime-meta kde-apps/dolphin kate kdemultimedia-meta konsole
}}
 
Once completed proceed to the chapter [[KDE#Configure_and_Start_KDE|Configure and Start KDE]].
 
=== KDE Plasma 5 from an Alternative Repository (overlay) ===
An alternative installation method exists for KDE Plasma 5 utilizing external KDE packages (separate to Funtoo Linux).
See [[KDE Plasma 5]].
 
== Configure and Start KDE ==
 
=== OpenRC ===
After the many packages have been merged there will be a variety of post-install messages. Some of these request that critical services must be started in order for KDE to work. Typically these are ALSA ({{Package|media-libs/alsa-lib}}), ConsoleKit ({{Package|sys-auth/consolekit}}), DBus ({{Package|sys-apps/dbus}}), and UDev ({{Package|sys-fs/eudev}}). If the  ''desktop'' flavor has been set then CUPS ({{Package|net-print/cups}}) will also be included.
 
As a minimum execute the following series of commands to start services automatically via OpenRC (sys-apps/openrc)
 
{{console|body=
###i## rc-update add alsasound boot
###i## rc-update add cupsd default
###i## rc-update add consolekit default
}}
 
DBus is usually started when these services start.
 
UDev is usually rebuilt during an install of KDE due to changes in USE flags from changing Profile. To accommodate changes it is best to restart the service.
 
{{console|body=
###i## /etc/init.d/udev --nodeps restart
}}
 
{{tip|Do not confuse the UDev package '''eudev''' (sys-fs/eudev) with '''evdev'''! '''evdev''' is the generic input device driver for the X Window System (x11-drivers/xf86-input-evdev)!}}
 
=== Create a User Account ===
Now is a good point to create a  user account in addition to ''root''. The following example creates a user ''alice'' and associates that account with the Groups ''games'', ''lp'', ''lpadmin'', ''plugdev'', ''users'', ''video'' and ''wheel''. A home directory for the account ''alice'' will be created at {{f|/home/alice}}.
 
{{console|body=
###i## useradd -m -G games,lp,lpadmin,plugdev,users,video,wheel alice
}}
 
Now set a password for ''alice''
 
{{console|body=
###i## passwd alice
}}
 
=== Starting KDE with a Display (Login) Manager (Recommended) ===
==== KDE SC 4 ====
{{note|This '''does not''' apply to co-installations of kde-base/kde-meta and kde-plasma/plasma-meta. See [[KDE#KDE_Plasma_5_with_SDDM_(Recommended)|KDE Plasma 5 with SDDM]].}}
 
The default [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_display_manager_(program_type) Display Manager] for KDE SC 4 is KDM (kde-base/kdm).
 
To use KDM edit {{f|/etc/conf.d/xdm}} with your favorite editor, updating the DISPLAYMANAGER entry to equal 'kdm'
 
{{file|name=/etc/conf.d/xdm|body=
DISPLAYMANAGER="kdm"
}}
 
Now add xdm to the default runlevel of OpenRC.
 
{{console|body=
###i## rc-update add xdm default
}}
 
The display manager KDM should appear at the end of computer boot. To avoid an unnecessary restart you can launch KDE from here with a simple command
 
{{console|body=
###i## rc
}}
 
You will be presented with a login screen. Input devices (mouse, keyboard) should be working at this stage. Logging in will take you to the KDE Plasma desktop of KDE SC 4.
 
==== KDE Plasma 5 with SDDM (Recommended) ====
 
{{note|This also applies to kde-plasma/plasma-meta co-installed with kde-base/kde-meta.}}
 
The recommended [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_display_manager_(program_type) Display Manager] for KDE Plasma 5 is SDDM - {{Package|x11-misc/sddm}}. Installing KDE Plasma 5 with the ''kde-plasma-5'' mix-in will install SDDM.
 
A configuration file for SDDM is not created automatically. Create one using the following command
 
{{console|body=
###i## sddm --example-config > /etc/sddm.conf
}}
 
A configuration file now exists - {{f|/etc/sddm.conf}}. Edit this file with your favorite editor, changing the option 'Current' to be equal to 'breeze'.
 
 
{{file|name=/etc/sddm.conf|desc=Change the line Current= |body=
 
[Theme]
# Current theme name
Current=breeze
 
}}
 
To use SDDM edit {{f|/etc/conf.d/xdm}} with your favorite editor, updating the DISPLAYMANAGER entry to equal 'sddm'.
 
{{file|name=/etc/conf.d/xdm|body=
DISPLAYMANAGER="sddm"
}}
 
Now add xdm to the default runlevel of OpenRC.
 
{{console|body=
###i## rc-update add xdm default
}}
 
The display manager SDDM should appear at the end of computer boot. To avoid an unnecessary restart you can launch KDE from here with a simple command
 
{{console|body=
###i## rc
}}
 
You will be presented with a login screen. Input devices (mouse, keyboard) should be working at this stage. Logging in will take you to the KDE Plasma 5 desktop.
 
==== KDE Plasma 5 with LightDM ====
{{SectionNeedsUpdates}}
{{Package|x11-misc/lightdm}}
 
=== Starting KDE Without a Display (Login) Manager ===
{{SectionNeedsUpdates}}
 
=== Starting KDE manually from a terminal ===
 
KDE can be launched from a terminal with the command
 
{{console|body=
###i## startkde
}}
 
== Tips and Tricks ==
{{SectionNeedsUpdates}}
=== Desktop Effects ===
System Setting > Desktop Behavior > Desktop Effects
 
=== Enable the Application Dashboard in KDE Plasma 5 ===
Unlock Widgets
Right-click on Panel > Alternatives
 
=== Useful packages ===
app-cdr/k3b
 
net-firewall/ufw + kde-misc/kcm-ufw
 
kde-misc/yakuake
 
NetworkManager frontends
 
=== Combining kde-bas/kde-meta with kde-plasma/plasma-meta ===
This combines the KDE Plasma 5 desktop with compatible KDE SC 4 packages.
 
{{warning|Updating an existing KDE SC 4 installation to KDE Plasma 5 may be problematic. This method is not recommended. Please consider a clean installation. Proceed with caution.}}
 
Earlier you set your [[Funtoo Profiles|Profiles]] to use the ''desktop'' flavor. Now you must add a [[Funtoo Profiles|mix-in]] in order to ensure the smooth installation of KDE. There are two KDE-related mix-ins available in Funtoo: ''kde'' and ''kde-plasma-5''.
 
{{important|A mix-in for KDE Plasma 5 - ''kde-plasma-5'' - is currently not available as validation testing is still ongoing. See [https://bugs.funtoo.org/browse/FL-2373 FL-2373]. (4-Nov-2015)}}
 
'''The mix-in required for KDE Plasma 5 (combined with KDE SC 4 ebuilds from kde-base/kde-meta) is ''kde-plasma-5''. Do NOT use ''kde''.''' Add the mix-in using {{c|epro}}
 
{{console|body=
###i## epro mix-in kde-plasma-5
}}
 
You are now ready to install KDE Plasma 5 with KDE SC 4 ebuilds. The will be done by emerging the packages {{Package|kde-base/kde-meta}} and {{Package|kde-plasma/plasma-meta}}. Since the Profile has changed (added mix-in) the world set of packages must be updated as well. These actions can be performed as separate commands
 
{{console|body=
###i## emerge -auvDN --with-bdeps=y @world
}}
 
followed by
 
{{console|body=
###i## emerge --ask kde-base/kde-meta
}}
 
and
 
{{console|body=
###i## emerge --ask kde-plasma/plasma-meta
}}
 
Alternatively the above commands can be combined into one:
 
{{console|body=
###i## emerge -auvDN --with-bdeps=y @world kde-base/kde-meta kde-plasma/plasma-meta
}}
 
Once the [[Emerge|emerge]] has completed portage is likely to recommend a preserved rebuild relating to kde-apps/kdearwork-styles. This package was merged a second time (with changed USE) during the merge of kde-plasma/plasma-meta. Issuing the command recommended by portage - emerge @preserved-rebuild - will result in portage "complaining" that a merge of kde-base/kwin blocks kde-plasma/kwin!
 
The true situation is that '''kde-apps/kdeartwork-styles is not required.''' Instead of issuing a preserved-rebuild, run the following command
 
{{console|body=
###i## emerge --ask --depclean
}}
 
which will remove packages no longer required by kde-base/kde-meta and kde-plasma/plasma-meta. If you wish to check that this has been resolved issue the command
 
{{console|body=
###i## emerge --ask @preserved-rebuild
}}
 
which should output
 
{{console|body=
##g##These are the packages that would be merged, in order:
 
Calculating dependencies... done!
 
Total: 0 packages, Size of downloads: 0 KiB
 
Nothing to merge; quitting.
}}
 
Once completed proceed to the chapter [[KDE#Configure_and_Start_KDE|Configure and Start KDE]].
 
== Troubleshooting ==
{{SectionNeedsUpdates}}
 
{{Package|kde-base/kde-meta}}
{{Package|kde-plasma/plasma-meta}}
 
=== Package Blockers ===
(with kde-base/kde-meta + kde-plasma/plasma-meta)
 
=== Blank Screen with SDDM ===
{{console|body=
###i## gpasswd --add sddm video
}}
 
=== Missing KCM in KDE Plasma 5 ===
kde-misc/kcm-ufw has not been updated to work with KDE Plasma 5.
 
[[Category:Desktop]]
[[Category:First Steps]]
[[Category:Official Documentation]]

Latest revision as of 13:37, May 13, 2016

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