Difference between revisions of "User:Pnoecker/standard install"

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(initial commit, prepping to strip luks, and turn into a generic LVM2 install, which can hopefully become official install.)
 
(stripped to standard LVM2 install)
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This howto describes how to setup LVM, boot, swap, and root with dmcrypt LUKS 1 with grub unlocking the encrypted drive. It is a standalone installation walk through, loosely based on the official installations finished product.
This howto describes how to setup a generic LVM2 install. It is a standalone installation walk through, loosely based on the official installations finished product.


{{warning| You may try this installation method at your own risk! Please note: this guide is outside of the official installation documentation, and cannot be supported. If you choose to use this, we assume you know what you are doing and you are on your own!}}
{{warning| You may try this installation method at your own risk! Please note: this guide is outside of the official installation documentation, and cannot be supported. If you choose to use this, we assume you know what you are doing and you are on your own!}}


== Prepare the hard drive and partitions ==
== Prepare the hard drive, and partitions ==
*Before you begin, make sure you are partitioning the correct drive. For the rest of this tutorial, we will be using /dev/sdX as a placeholder.
*Before you begin, make sure you are partitioning the correct drive. For the rest of this tutorial, we will be using /dev/sdX as a placeholder.
{{console|body=
{{console|body=
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\#├─sdX2          8:2    0    8G  0 esp      /efi
\#├─sdX2          8:2    0    8G  0 esp      /efi
\#└─sdX3          8:3    0  1.8T  0 part  
\#└─sdX3          8:3    0  1.8T  0 part  
\#  ├─main-boot 254:0    0  500G  0 lvm  /root
\#  ├─main-swap 254:0    0  500G  0 lvm  [swap]
\#  ├─main-root 254:0    0  500G  0 lvm  /
\#  ├─main-root 254:0    0  500G  0 lvm  /
\#  └─main-data 254:1    0  1.3T  0 lvm  /home
}}
}}


Line 70: Line 71:
Partition Number: ##i##2 ↵
Partition Number: ##i##2 ↵
First sector: ##i##↵
First sector: ##i##↵
Last sector: ##i##+64M
Last sector: ##i##+32M
Hex Code: ##i##EF00 ↵
Hex Code: ##i##EF00 ↵
}}
}}


'''Create partition which will be encrypted with LUKS''':
'''Create partition which will be our LVM2 virtual partition''':


{{console|body=
{{console|body=
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{{console|body=# ##i##mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sdX2}}
{{console|body=# ##i##mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sdX2}}


'''Create LUKS encrypted volume'''
'''Create LVM2 volume'''
{{Warning| The debian-sources kernel in current stage3 tarballs does not allow for passwords in excess of 63 characters.}}


{{console|body=
'''Create LVM volume for /, /boot, and swap'''
# ##i##cryptsetup luksFormat --type luks1 /dev/sdX3
}}
 
'''Open newly created LUKS volume'''
{{console|body=# ##i##cryptsetup open /dev/sdX3 root}}
 
'''Create LVM volumes for / and swap'''
{{console|body=# ##i##pvcreate /dev/mapper/root}}
{{console|body=# ##i##pvcreate /dev/mapper/root}}
{{console|body=# ##i##vgcreate vg /dev/mapper/root}}
{{console|body=# ##i##vgcreate vg /dev/mapper/root}}
{{console|body=# ##i##lvcreate -L256M --name boot vg}}
{{Note|Replace "2G" with the amount of swap you would like to make available.}}
{{Note|Replace "2G" with the amount of swap you would like to make available.}}
{{console|body=# ##i##lvcreate -L2G --name swap vg}}
{{console|body=# ##i##lvcreate -L2G --name swap vg}}
Line 116: Line 110:


'''Create filesystems on LVM volumes'''
'''Create filesystems on LVM volumes'''
*boot:
{{console|body=# ##i##mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/vg-boot}}
*swap:
{{console|body=# ##i##mkswap /dev/mapper/vg-swap}}
{{console|body=# ##i##mkswap /dev/mapper/vg-swap}}
*for ext4:
*for ext4:
Line 127: Line 124:
==Mount filesystems==
==Mount filesystems==
{{console|body=# ##i##mount /dev/mapper/vg-root /mnt/funtoo}}
{{console|body=# ##i##mount /dev/mapper/vg-root /mnt/funtoo}}
{{console|body=###i## mkdir /mnt/funtoo/boot
{{console|body=# ##i##mount /dev/mapper/vg-boot /mnt/funtoo/boot}}


==Set the date==
==Set the date==
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'''Set hostname'''
'''Set hostname'''
{{console|body=# ##i##echo 'hostname="FullEncryption"' > /etc/conf.d/hostname}}
{{console|body=# ##i##echo 'hostname="NewFuntooInstall"' > /etc/conf.d/hostname}}


'''Set up DNS resolution'''
'''Set up DNS resolution'''
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'''Configure /etc/fstab'''
'''Configure /etc/fstab'''
{{note|this example uses xfs}}
{{console|body=# ##i##cat > /etc/fstab << 'EOF'
{{console|body=# ##i##cat > /etc/fstab << 'EOF'
/dev/mapper/vg-boot /boot xfs noauto,noatime,nodiratime,defaults 0 1
/dev/mapper/vg-swap none swap sw 0 0
/dev/mapper/vg-swap none swap sw 0 0
/dev/mapper/vg-root / ext4 noatime,nodiratime,defaults 0 1
/dev/mapper/vg-root / xfs noatime,nodiratime,defaults 0 1
tmpfs /var/tmp/portage tmpfs uid=portage,gid=portage,mode=775,noatime 0 0
tmpfs /var/tmp/portage tmpfs uid=portage,gid=portage,mode=775,noatime 0 0
EOF}}
EOF}}
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###i## umount /var/tmp/portage
###i## umount /var/tmp/portage
}}
}}
'''Create /etc/crypttab'''
{{Note|The UUID parameter is set to the UUID of /dev/sdX3 as found from the blkid command above.}}
{{console|body=# ##i##echo "root UUID=aafe709b-82e7-448f-a2cb-36adc3787dc3 none luks,discard" >> /etc/crypttab}}
'''Create /etc/dmtab'''
{{console|body=# ##i##dmsetup table >> /etc/dmtab}}


==Portage==
==Portage==
'''Download the portage tree'''
'''Download the portage tree'''
{{console|body=# ##i##ego sync}}
{{console|body=# ##i##ego sync}}
'''Change your ego profile to include encrypted root support'''
{{console|body=# ##i##epro mix-in encrypted-root}}


'''Edit package USE-flags'''
'''Edit package USE-flags'''
{{console|body=# ##i##cat > /etc/portage/package.use <<'EOF'
{{console|body=# ##i##cat > /etc/portage/package.use <<'EOF'
*/* device-mapper lvm luks
*/* device-mapper lvm
sys-kernel/linux-firmware initramfs
sys-kernel/linux-firmware initramfs
sys-fs/cryptsetup -dynamic
EOF}}
EOF}}


'''Install necessary packages'''
'''Install necessary packages'''
{{console|body=# ##i##emerge grub haveged intel-microcode linux-firmware cryptsetup lvm2 genkernel iucode_tool shim mokutil}}
{{console|body=# ##i##emerge grub haveged intel-microcode linux-firmware lvm2 genkernel iucode_tool shim mokutil}}


'''Configure services to start at boot'''
'''Configure services to start at boot'''
{{console|body=# ##i##rc-update add device-mapper sysinit}}
{{console|body=# ##i##rc-update add device-mapper sysinit}}
{{console|body=# ##i##rc-update add dmcrypt sysinit}}
{{console|body=# ##i##rc-update add lvmetad sysinit}}
{{console|body=# ##i##rc-update add lvmetad sysinit}}
{{console|body=# ##i##rc-update add haveged default}}
{{console|body=# ##i##rc-update add haveged default}}
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     kernel kernel[-v]
     kernel kernel[-v]
     initrd initramfs[-v]
     initrd initramfs[-v]
     params += crypt_root=UUID=aafe709b-82e7-448f-a2cb-36adc3787dc3 dolvm real_root=/dev/mapper/vg-root ro rootfstype=auto resume=swap:/dev/mapper/vg-swap quiet
     params += dolvm real_root=/dev/mapper/vg-root ro rootfstype=auto resume=swap:/dev/mapper/vg-swap quiet
}
}
EOF}}
EOF}}
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*load efi directory:
*load efi directory:
{{console|body=
{{console|body=
###i## mkdir /EFI
###i## mkdir /ESP
###i## mount /dev/sdX2 /EFI
###i## mount /dev/sdX2 /ESP
}}
}}


===64bit systems===
===64bit systems===
{{console|body=# ##i##grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/EFI --bootloader-id="Funtoo" --recheck /dev/sdX}}
{{console|body=# ##i##grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/ESP --bootloader-id="Funtoo" --recheck /dev/sdX}}


{{console|body=
{{console|body=
###i## cp /usr/share/shim/BOOTX64.EFI /usr/share/shim/mmx64.efi /EFI/EFI/Funtoo
###i## cp /usr/share/shim/BOOTX64.EFI /usr/share/shim/mmx64.efi /ESP/EFI/Funtoo
}}
}}


*For usb keys & removable drives:
*For usb keys & removable drives:
{{console|body=# ##i##grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/EFI --bootloader-id="BOOT" --no-nvram --recheck /dev/sdX}}
{{console|body=# ##i##grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/ESP --bootloader-id="BOOT" --no-nvram --recheck /dev/sdX}}


{{console|body=
{{console|body=
###i## cp /usr/share/shim/BOOTX64.EFI /usr/share/shim/mmx64.efi /EFI/EFI/BOOT
###i## cp /usr/share/shim/BOOTX64.EFI /usr/share/shim/mmx64.efi /ESP/EFI/BOOT
}}
}}


===32bit systems===
===32bit systems===
{{console|body=# ##i##grub-install --target=i386-efi --efi-directory=/EFI --bootloader-id="Funtoo" --recheck /dev/sdX}}
{{console|body=# ##i##grub-install --target=i386-efi --efi-directory=/ESP --bootloader-id="Funtoo" --recheck /dev/sdX}}


{{console|body=
{{console|body=
###i## cp /usr/share/shim/BOOTIA32.EFI /usr/share/shim/mmia32.efi /EFI/EFI/Funtoo
###i## cp /usr/share/shim/BOOTIA32.EFI /usr/share/shim/mmia32.efi /ESP/EFI/Funtoo
}}
}}


*For usb keys & removable drives:
*For usb keys & removable drives:
{{console|body=# ##i##grub-install --target=i386-efi --efi-directory=/EFI --bootloader-id="BOOT" --no-nvram --recheck /dev/sdX}}
{{console|body=# ##i##grub-install --target=i386-efi --efi-directory=/ESP --bootloader-id="BOOT" --no-nvram --recheck /dev/sdX}}


{{console|body=
{{console|body=
###i## cp /usr/share/shim/BOOTIA32.EFI /usr/share/shim/mmia32.efi /EFI/EFI/BOOT
###i## cp /usr/share/shim/BOOTIA32.EFI /usr/share/shim/mmia32.efi /ESP/EFI/BOOT
}}
}}


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'''Generate a new initramfs'''
'''Generate a new initramfs'''
{{console|body=# ##i##genkernel --clean --luks --lvm --disklabel --ramdisk-modules --fullname=$(ls /boot/initramfs-* {{!}} tail -c +17) initramfs}}
{{console|body=# ##i##genkernel --clean --lvm --disklabel --ramdisk-modules --fullname=$(ls /boot/initramfs-* {{!}} tail -c +17) initramfs}}


==Finishing installation==
==Finishing installation==
From this point, you should be able to finish following the [https://www.funtoo.org/Install/Network official Funtoo Linux install instructions]
From this point, you should be able to finish following the [https://www.funtoo.org/Install/Network official Funtoo Linux install instructions]
==Managing your LUKS volume==
'''Change your LUKs-encrypted drive's passphrase'''
You may want to change your encrypted volume’s passphrase or password from time to time. To do so, run the following commands in the console as root:
{{console|body=
# ##i##cryptsetup luksChangeKey /dev/sdx3
}}
You'll be prompted to enter in the existing passphrase first, then to enter in your new passphrase.
You will not be asked to confirm your new passphrase, so be careful when running this operation.


==Rechroot==
==Rechroot==

Revision as of 00:10, January 16, 2023

This howto describes how to setup a generic LVM2 install. It is a standalone installation walk through, loosely based on the official installations finished product.

   Warning
You may try this installation method at your own risk! Please note: this guide is outside of the official installation documentation, and cannot be supported. If you choose to use this, we assume you know what you are doing and you are on your own!

Prepare the hard drive, and partitions

  • Before you begin, make sure you are partitioning the correct drive. For the rest of this tutorial, we will be using /dev/sdX as a placeholder.
root # lsblk
#NAME          MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
#sda             8:0    0  1.8T  0 disk 
#├─sdX1          8:1    0    1M  0 bios_boot
#├─sdX2          8:2    0    8G  0 esp      /efi
#└─sdX3          8:3    0  1.8T  0 part 
#  ├─main-boot 254:0    0  500G  0 lvm  /root
#  ├─main-swap 254:0    0  500G  0 lvm  [swap]
#  ├─main-root 254:0    0  500G  0 lvm  /

link your drive to /dev/sdX

to make following this guide easier you can set udev rules and link the drive you're installing to /dev/sdX so everything is copy paste. just replace the kernel's == sda/mmc/nvme to match your target drive.

  • hda/sda drives:
root # echo 'KERNEL=="sda*", SYMLINK+="sdX%n"' > /etc/udev/rules.d/01-funtoo.rules
root # udevadm control --reload-rules
root # udevadm trigger
  • mmc/nvme drives:
root # echo 'KERNEL=="mmcblk0", SYMLINK+="sdX"' > /etc/udev/rules.d/01-funtoo.rules
root # echo 'KERNEL=="mmcblk0p*", SYMLINK+="sdX%n"' >> /etc/udev/rules.d/01-funtoo.rules
root # udevadm control --reload-rules
root # udevadm trigger
  • verify linking
root # ls -al /dev/sdX*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Jul 31 14:00 /dev/sdX -> sde
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Jul 31 14:00 /dev/sdX1 -> sde1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Jul 31 14:00 /dev/sdX2 -> sde2

Partition

UEFI Partitioning

root # gdisk /dev/sdX

Within gdisk, follow these steps:

Empty the partition table:

Command: o ↵
This option deletes all partitions and creates a new protective MBR.
Proceed? (Y/N): y ↵

Create bios boot partition:

Command: n ↵
Partition Number: 1 ↵
First sector: 
Last sector: +1M ↵
Hex Code: EF02 ↵

Create efi esp partition:

Command: n ↵
Partition Number: 2 ↵
First sector: 
Last sector: +32M ↵
Hex Code: EF00 ↵

Create partition which will be our LVM2 virtual partition:

Command: n ↵
Partition Number: 3 ↵
First sector: 
Last sector:  (for rest of disk)
Hex Code: 

Write Partition Table To Disk:

Command: w ↵
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): Y ↵

The partition table will now be written to the disk and gdisk will close.

Create and mount filesystems.

Create esp filesystem

root # mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sdX2

Create LVM2 volume

Create LVM volume for /, /boot, and swap

root # pvcreate /dev/mapper/root
root # vgcreate vg /dev/mapper/root
root # lvcreate -L256M --name boot vg
   Note

Replace "2G" with the amount of swap you would like to make available.

root # lvcreate -L2G --name swap vg
root # lvcreate -l 100%FREE --name root vg
   Note

The "-l 100%FREE" option above will use the remainder of the disk for your root partition. If you would prefer to create separate for /home or /var (for example), you can instead continue to use the "-LXXG" option for fixed sizes.

Create filesystems on LVM volumes

  • boot:
root # mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/vg-boot
  • swap:
root # mkswap /dev/mapper/vg-swap
  • for ext4:
root # mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg-root
  • for xfs:
root # mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/vg-root

Create directories for chroot

root # mkdir -p /mnt/funtoo

Mount filesystems

root # mount /dev/mapper/vg-root /mnt/funtoo

{{console|body=###i## mkdir /mnt/funtoo/boot

root # mount /dev/mapper/vg-boot /mnt/funtoo/boot

Set the date

   Note

See the official Funtoo docs on setting the date.

Install the Funtoo starge tarball of your choice

   Note

These instructions will be using the generic64 next minimal stage3. You should adjust them accordingly.

or a stage more closely aligned to your hardware:

or funtoo from scratch generated stages:

root # cd /mnt/funtoo
root # wget https://build.funtoo.org/next/x86-64bit/generic_64/2022-09-13/stage3-generic_64-next-2022-09-13.tar.xz
root # tar --numeric-owner --xattrs --xattrs-include='*' -xpf stage3*.tar.xz && rm -f stage3*.tar.xz

Chroot into your new system

Traditional Method

root # mkdir /mnt/funtoo/proc
root # mount -t proc none /mnt/funtoo/proc
root # mkdir /mnt/funtoo/dev
root # mount --rbind /dev /mnt/funtoo/dev
root # mkdir /mnt/funtoo/sys
root # mount --rbind /sys /mnt/funtoo/sys
root # env -i HOME=/root TERM=$TERM $(which chroot) /mnt/funtoo bash -l

Fchroot Method

root # fchroot .

Configure your system

Set a new root password

root # passwd

Set hostname

root # echo 'hostname="NewFuntooInstall"' > /etc/conf.d/hostname

Set up DNS resolution

   Note

We are using the Cloudflare DNS server address here. Feel free to use your own.

root # echo "nameserver 1.1.1.1" > /etc/resolv.conf

Set your timezone

root # ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$(tzselect) /etc/localtime

Note your filesystem information

root # blkid
/dev/sdX2: UUID="6453-0C55" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="efi" PARTUUID="4e195c4b-f88c-4205-b9df-79a879704b2f"
/dev/sdX3: UUID="aafe709b-82e7-448f-a2cb-36adc3787dc3" TYPE="crypto_LUKS" PARTLABEL="system" PARTUUID="93d0cf9b-0b95-4d8b-919f-48cd1774996f"
/dev/mapper/root: UUID="hvz79n-I2VE-nR1c-0hDQ-PVkR-3GRb-rnuJ9C" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/mapper/vg-swap: UUID="a9188bc3-7def-422b-990d-9de431825779" TYPE="swap"
/dev/mapper/vg-root: UUID="2eaf45e6-d33b-4155-b4ca-63a2fdbfb896" TYPE="ext4"

Configure /etc/fstab

   Note

this example uses xfs

root # cat > /etc/fstab << 'EOF'
/dev/mapper/vg-boot /boot xfs noauto,noatime,nodiratime,defaults 0 1
/dev/mapper/vg-swap none swap sw 0 0
/dev/mapper/vg-root / xfs noatime,nodiratime,defaults 0 1
tmpfs /var/tmp/portage tmpfs uid=portage,gid=portage,mode=775,noatime 0 0
EOF

compile in ram:

root # mkdir /var/tmp/portage
root # chown portage:portage /var/tmp/portage
root # mount /var/tmp/portage

or exclude compiling in ram if your machine's not powerful enough:

root # umount /var/tmp/portage

Portage

Download the portage tree

root # ego sync

Edit package USE-flags

root # cat > /etc/portage/package.use <<'EOF'
*/* device-mapper lvm
sys-kernel/linux-firmware initramfs
EOF

Install necessary packages

root # emerge grub haveged intel-microcode linux-firmware lvm2 genkernel iucode_tool shim mokutil

Configure services to start at boot

root # rc-update add device-mapper sysinit
root # rc-update add lvmetad sysinit
root # rc-update add haveged default
root # rc-update add busybox-ntpd default

Install a bootloader

Configure /etc/boot.conf

   Note

The UUID parameter is set to the UUID of /dev/sdX3 as found from the blkid command above.

root # cat > /etc/boot.conf <<'EOF'
boot {
    generate grub
    default "Funtoo Linux"
    timeout 3
}
"Funtoo Linux" {
    kernel kernel[-v]
    initrd initramfs[-v]
    params += dolvm real_root=/dev/mapper/vg-root ro rootfstype=auto resume=swap:/dev/mapper/vg-swap quiet
}
EOF

Install GRUB

For BIOS systems & UEFI legacy mode support

root # echo "GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=y" >> /etc/default/grub
root # grub-install --target=i386-pc --no-floppy /dev/sdX

For UEFI systems

root # mount -o remount,rw /sys/firmware/efi/efivars

Install grub & shim

  • load efi directory:
root # mkdir /ESP
root # mount /dev/sdX2 /ESP

64bit systems

root # grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/ESP --bootloader-id="Funtoo" --recheck /dev/sdX
root # cp /usr/share/shim/BOOTX64.EFI /usr/share/shim/mmx64.efi /ESP/EFI/Funtoo
  • For usb keys & removable drives:
root # grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/ESP --bootloader-id="BOOT" --no-nvram --recheck /dev/sdX
root # cp /usr/share/shim/BOOTX64.EFI /usr/share/shim/mmx64.efi /ESP/EFI/BOOT

32bit systems

root # grub-install --target=i386-efi --efi-directory=/ESP --bootloader-id="Funtoo" --recheck /dev/sdX
root # cp /usr/share/shim/BOOTIA32.EFI /usr/share/shim/mmia32.efi /ESP/EFI/Funtoo
  • For usb keys & removable drives:
root # grub-install --target=i386-efi --efi-directory=/ESP --bootloader-id="BOOT" --no-nvram --recheck /dev/sdX
root # cp /usr/share/shim/BOOTIA32.EFI /usr/share/shim/mmia32.efi /ESP/EFI/BOOT

Generate Grub menu

root # ego boot update

Generate a new initramfs

root # genkernel --clean --lvm --disklabel --ramdisk-modules --fullname=$(ls /boot/initramfs-* | tail -c +17) initramfs

Finishing installation

From this point, you should be able to finish following the official Funtoo Linux install instructions

Rechroot

In the event of build failure, to rechroot requires unlocking the root, re-mounting, and re-chroot.

root # mount /dev/mapper/vg-root /mnt/funtoo
root # cd /mnt/funtoo
root # fchroot .

Additional links and information