The Funtoo Linux project has transitioned to "Hobby Mode" and this wiki is now read-only.
Difference between revisions of "GNOME First Steps"
m (→X) |
|||
Line 152: | Line 152: | ||
To enable gdm, edit <code>/etc/conf.d/xdm</code> and set <code>DISPLAYMANAGER</code> to <code>gdm</code> instead of <code>xdm</code>. Then, perform the following steps to add <code>xdm</code> to the default runlevel, and have it start automatically from now on when your system starts: | To enable gdm, edit <code>/etc/conf.d/xdm</code> and set <code>DISPLAYMANAGER</code> to <code>gdm</code> instead of <code>xdm</code>. Then, perform the following steps to add <code>xdm</code> to the default runlevel, and have it start automatically from now on when your system starts: | ||
{{Note | {{Note|Funtoo's <code>/etc/init.d/xdm</code> initscript has been modified to start the requisite services <code>dbus</code>, <code>openrc-settingsd</code> and <code>consolekit</code> prior to starting <code>gdm</code>.}} | ||
<console> | <console> |
Revision as of 00:48, October 28, 2014
What is GNOME?
"GNOME 3 is an easy and elegant way to use your computer. It is designed to put you in control and bring freedom to everybody. GNOME 3 is developed by the GNOME community, a diverse, international group of contributors that is supported by an independent, non-profit foundation." GNOME
Prerequisites
Before installing GNOME, ensure that the X Window System has been installed.
Please note that Linux kernel 3.15.* may still have serious incompatibility with various graphics drivers. If you like to use gentoo-sources
or vanilla-sources
, please use a 3.14.* kernel. This is of particular importance if you plan to run GNOME, and want to use NVIDIA (commercial or nouveau) or ATI (ati-drivers) graphics drivers.
Preparing to emerge
To get your system ready to emerge gnome, it is recommended that you first set the gnome profile mix-in. To accomplish this, do the following:
root ##r### eselect profile list root ##g##Currently available mix-ins profiles: [11] funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/audio [12] funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/console-extras [13] funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/dvd [14] funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/gnome [15] funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/kde [16] funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/mate [17] funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/media [18] funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/print [19] funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/python3-only [20] funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/rhel5-compat [21] funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-db [22] funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-mail [23] funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-web [24] funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/X [25] funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/xfce [26] funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/vmware-guest [27] funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/hardened
After seeing a list of available profiles, we want to add in the appropriate number for the gnome mix-in. To do this, run the following:
root ##r### eselect profile add 14
By enabling the gnome mix-in, various USE and other settings will be optimized to provide you with a pain-free GNOME installation experience.
Emerging
You are provided with two packages that will pull in this desktop environment:
- gnome
This is the "whole shabang" - pulls in a range of applications made for the gnome desktop environment including a few games, an archive manager, a system monitor, a web browser, a terminal, etc.
- gnome-light
As the name implies, this pulls in the base minimal you need to get a functioning GNOME Desktop Environment.
GNOME 3.12 from a clean install
gnome
To emerge gnome run the following command
root # emerge gnome
gnome-light
To emerge gnome-light run the following command
root # emerge gnome-light
Upgrading from GNOME 3.6
gnome
To emerge gnome, remove nautilus-open-terminal if it is installed as it now bundled into gnome-terminal
root # emerge -C nautilus-open-terminal
Then, run the following command
root # emerge -vauDN world
gnome-light
To emerge gnome-light remove the following packages as there have been changes since 3.6 (you will have up reinstall any packages that have been renamed after gnome-light completes).
root # emerge -C gnome-fallback gnome-panel gnome-screensaver metacity gnome-games gcalctool nautilus-open-terminal
Then, run the following command
root # emerge -vauDN world
Finally, restore any applications that have been renamed (such as gcalctool => gnome-calculator)
root # emerge gnome-calculator
Subsystems
Bluetooth
For bluetooth support, ensure that:
- Bluetooth support is enabled in your kernel (using modules is fine).
- Your bluetooth hardware is turned on.
- Add the
bluetooth
startup script to the default runlevel, and start it.
This can be done as follows:
root # rc-update add bluetooth default root # rc
Once this is done, you should now be able to navigate to Settings -> Bluetooth and turn bluetooth on. The icon next to devices should now animate and you should be able to discover and add devices such as keyboards.
Printing
To enable printing support, add cupsd
to the default runlevel:
root # rc-update add cupsd default root # rc
You should now be able to navigate to Settings -> Printers and add printers to your system, and print.
Scanning
To enable scanning support, add your user account to the lp
group. This will allow your user to access the USB scanner.
Then, emerge xsane
, and run it. It should be able to access your scanner.
Finishing Touches
X
Setting up xdm (GUI log-in)
Typically, you will want to use gdm
, the GNOME display manager, to log in to GNOME. This will allow you to log in graphically, rather than using the text console.
To enable gdm, edit /etc/conf.d/xdm
and set DISPLAYMANAGER
to gdm
instead of xdm
. Then, perform the following steps to add xdm
to the default runlevel, and have it start automatically from now on when your system starts:
Funtoo's /etc/init.d/xdm
initscript has been modified to start the requisite services dbus
, openrc-settingsd
and consolekit
prior to starting gdm
.
root # rc-update add xdm default
Then, if you want to start it now do:
root # rc
Setting up xinitrc (text log-in)
Adding the following to your ~/.xinitrc
file is sufficient:
# Fix Missing Applications in Gnome export XDG_MENU_PREFIX=gnome- # Properly Launch the Desired X Session exec ck-launch-session gnome-session
Additionaly, if you need support for different input sources, there is no longer a need to configure ibus or scrim in your .xinitrc
file as GNOME uses ibus natively. Simply configure it in the Control Center under Region & Langauge.
Disable Adwaita Dark Theme
If you do not like the Adwaita Dark Theme it can be disabled by copying then modifying it like so:
mkdir -p ~/.themes/Adwaita-NoDark cp -r /usr/share/themes/Adwaita/gtk-* ~/.themes/Adwaita-NoDarkhttp://www.funtoo.org/Category:Ebuild_Category rm ~/.themes/Adwaita-NoDark/gtk-3.0/gtk-dark.css ln -s gtk.css ~/.themes/Adwaita-NoDark/gtk-3.0/gtk-dark.css
Then, run gnome-tweak-tool and select select Theme -> GTK+ Theme -> Adwaita-NoDark.
If you run GUI programs with the sudo command, then the above steps (excluding running gnome-tweak-tool) must be repeated for the root account.
Verify the inode/directory MimeType Handler
In some odd instances, baobab might take priority over nautilus when handling the inode/directory MimeType. If this behavior is not desired, add the following to /home/~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list:
[Added Associations] inode/directory=nautilus.desktop;baobab.desktop;
Automatically Starting Applications at Login
When using an old-fashioned .xinitrc
, starting up applications when X starts is relatively easy. When using GDM, this can still be accomplished, by using the ~/.xprofile
file. Here's my sample .xprofile
to start xflux
to dim the screen at night:
xflux -z 87107
Remember to add a &
at the end of any command that doesn't return to the shell prompt after running.