Note
The Funtoo Linux project
has transitioned to "Hobby Mode"
and this wiki is now read-only.
Export translations
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Settings
Group
32 bit chroot environment for Wine
32-bit Chroot
Applications/Editors
Btrfs
Emerge
Funtoo Linux First Steps
Funtoo Linux Kernels
Funtoo Linux Localization
Funtoo Profiles
Funtoo:Metro
Gentoo Linux
Gentoo Minimal Installation CD
GNOME First Steps
Install
Install/Bootloader
Install/Chroot
Install/Configuration Files
Install/Creating Filesystems
Install/Done
Install/Download and Extract Stage3
Install/Download LiveCD
Install/Download Portage Tree
Install/Finishing
Install/Get Acquainted
Install/GPT Partitioning
Install/Introducing Portage
Install/Introduction
Install/Kernel
Install/MBR Partitioning
Install/Mounting Filesystems
Install/Network
Install/Prepare Disk
Install/Profiles
Install/Setting the Date
InstallPrintable
LXD
Make.conf
MATE Desktop Environment
Package:Xfce4-meta
Support Matrix
Template:VMwareBlurb
Upgrade Instructions/1.2-release
Upgrade Instructions/1.3-release
Wolf Pack Philosophy
X Window System
ZFS
Language
aa - Afar
ab - Abkhazian
abs - Ambonese Malay
ace - Achinese
ady - Adyghe
ady-cyrl - Adyghe (Cyrillic script)
aeb - Tunisian Arabic
aeb-arab - Tunisian Arabic (Arabic script)
aeb-latn - Tunisian Arabic (Latin script)
af - Afrikaans
ak - Akan
aln - Gheg Albanian
alt - Southern Altai
am - Amharic
ami - Amis
an - Aragonese
ang - Old English
anp - Angika
ar - Arabic
arc - Aramaic
arn - Mapuche
arq - Algerian Arabic
ary - Moroccan Arabic
arz - Egyptian Arabic
as - Assamese
ase - American Sign Language
ast - Asturian
atj - Atikamekw
av - Avaric
avk - Kotava
awa - Awadhi
ay - Aymara
az - Azerbaijani
azb - South Azerbaijani
ba - Bashkir
ban - Balinese
ban-bali - ᬩᬲᬩᬮᬶ
bar - Bavarian
bbc - Batak Toba
bbc-latn - Batak Toba (Latin script)
bcc - Southern Balochi
bcl - Central Bikol
be - Belarusian
be-tarask - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)
bg - Bulgarian
bgn - Western Balochi
bh - Bhojpuri
bho - Bhojpuri
bi - Bislama
bjn - Banjar
bm - Bambara
bn - Bangla
bo - Tibetan
bpy - Bishnupriya
bqi - Bakhtiari
br - Breton
brh - Brahui
bs - Bosnian
btm - Batak Mandailing
bto - Iriga Bicolano
bug - Buginese
bxr - Russia Buriat
ca - Catalan
cbk-zam - Chavacano
cdo - Min Dong Chinese
ce - Chechen
ceb - Cebuano
ch - Chamorro
cho - Choctaw
chr - Cherokee
chy - Cheyenne
ckb - Central Kurdish
co - Corsican
cps - Capiznon
cr - Cree
crh - Crimean Tatar
crh-cyrl - Crimean Tatar (Cyrillic script)
crh-latn - Crimean Tatar (Latin script)
cs - Czech
csb - Kashubian
cu - Church Slavic
cv - Chuvash
cy - Welsh
da - Danish
de - German
de-at - Austrian German
de-ch - Swiss High German
de-formal - German (formal address)
din - Dinka
diq - Zazaki
dsb - Lower Sorbian
dtp - Central Dusun
dty - Doteli
dv - Divehi
dz - Dzongkha
ee - Ewe
egl - Emilian
el - Greek
eml - Emiliano-Romagnolo
en - English
en-ca - Canadian English
en-gb - British English
eo - Esperanto
es - Spanish
es-419 - Latin American Spanish
es-formal - Spanish (formal address)
et - Estonian
eu - Basque
ext - Extremaduran
fa - Persian
ff - Fulah
fi - Finnish
fit - Tornedalen Finnish
fj - Fijian
fo - Faroese
fr - French
frc - Cajun French
frp - Arpitan
frr - Northern Frisian
fur - Friulian
fy - Western Frisian
ga - Irish
gag - Gagauz
gan - Gan Chinese
gan-hans - Gan (Simplified)
gan-hant - Gan (Traditional)
gcr - Guianan Creole
gd - Scottish Gaelic
gl - Galician
glk - Gilaki
gn - Guarani
gom - Goan Konkani
gom-deva - Goan Konkani (Devanagari script)
gom-latn - Goan Konkani (Latin script)
gor - Gorontalo
got - Gothic
grc - Ancient Greek
gsw - Swiss German
gu - Gujarati
guc - Wayuu
gv - Manx
ha - Hausa
hak - Hakka Chinese
haw - Hawaiian
he - Hebrew
hi - Hindi
hif - Fiji Hindi
hif-latn - Fiji Hindi (Latin script)
hil - Hiligaynon
ho - Hiri Motu
hr - Croatian
hrx - Hunsrik
hsb - Upper Sorbian
ht - Haitian Creole
hu - Hungarian
hu-formal - Hungarian (formal address)
hy - Armenian
hyw - Western Armenian
hz - Herero
ia - Interlingua
id - Indonesian
ie - Interlingue
ig - Igbo
ii - Sichuan Yi
ik - Inupiaq
ike-cans - Eastern Canadian (Aboriginal syllabics)
ike-latn - Eastern Canadian (Latin script)
ilo - Iloko
inh - Ingush
io - Ido
is - Icelandic
it - Italian
iu - Inuktitut
ja - Japanese
jam - Jamaican Creole English
jbo - Lojban
jut - Jutish
jv - Javanese
ka - Georgian
kaa - Kara-Kalpak
kab - Kabyle
kbd - Kabardian
kbd-cyrl - Kabardian (Cyrillic script)
kbp - Kabiye
kcg - Tyap
kg - Kongo
khw - Khowar
ki - Kikuyu
kiu - Kirmanjki
kj - Kuanyama
kjp - Eastern Pwo
kk - Kazakh
kk-arab - Kazakh (Arabic script)
kk-cn - Kazakh (China)
kk-cyrl - Kazakh (Cyrillic script)
kk-kz - Kazakh (Kazakhstan)
kk-latn - Kazakh (Latin script)
kk-tr - Kazakh (Turkey)
kl - Kalaallisut
km - Khmer
kn - Kannada
ko - Korean
ko-kp - Korean (North Korea)
koi - Komi-Permyak
kr - Kanuri
krc - Karachay-Balkar
kri - Krio
krj - Kinaray-a
krl - Karelian
ks - Kashmiri
ks-arab - Kashmiri (Arabic script)
ks-deva - Kashmiri (Devanagari script)
ksh - Colognian
ku - Kurdish
ku-arab - Kurdish (Arabic script)
ku-latn - Kurdish (Latin script)
kum - Kumyk
kv - Komi
kw - Cornish
ky - Kyrgyz
la - Latin
lad - Ladino
lb - Luxembourgish
lbe - Lak
lez - Lezghian
lfn - Lingua Franca Nova
lg - Ganda
li - Limburgish
lij - Ligurian
liv - Livonian
lki - Laki
lld - Ladin
lmo - Lombard
ln - Lingala
lo - Lao
loz - Lozi
lrc - Northern Luri
lt - Lithuanian
ltg - Latgalian
lus - Mizo
luz - Southern Luri
lv - Latvian
lzh - Literary Chinese
lzz - Laz
mad - Madurese
mai - Maithili
map-bms - Basa Banyumasan
mdf - Moksha
mg - Malagasy
mh - Marshallese
mhr - Eastern Mari
mi - Maori
min - Minangkabau
mk - Macedonian
ml - Malayalam
mn - Mongolian
mni - Manipuri
mnw - Mon
mo - Moldovan
mr - Marathi
mrh - Mara
mrj - Western Mari
ms - Malay
mt - Maltese
mus - Muscogee
mwl - Mirandese
my - Burmese
myv - Erzya
mzn - Mazanderani
na - Nauru
nah - Nāhuatl
nan - Min Nan Chinese
nap - Neapolitan
nb - Norwegian Bokmål
nds - Low German
nds-nl - Low Saxon
ne - Nepali
new - Newari
ng - Ndonga
nia - Nias
niu - Niuean
nl - Dutch
nl-informal - Dutch (informal address)
nn - Norwegian Nynorsk
no - Norwegian
nov - Novial
nqo - N’Ko
nrm - Norman
nso - Northern Sotho
nv - Navajo
ny - Nyanja
nys - Nyungar
oc - Occitan
olo - Livvi-Karelian
om - Oromo
or - Odia
os - Ossetic
pa - Punjabi
pag - Pangasinan
pam - Pampanga
pap - Papiamento
pcd - Picard
pdc - Pennsylvania German
pdt - Plautdietsch
pfl - Palatine German
pi - Pali
pih - Norfuk / Pitkern
pl - Polish
pms - Piedmontese
pnb - Western Punjabi
pnt - Pontic
prg - Prussian
ps - Pashto
pt - Portuguese
pt-br - Brazilian Portuguese
qqq - Message documentation
qu - Quechua
qug - Chimborazo Highland Quichua
rgn - Romagnol
rif - Riffian
rm - Romansh
rmy - Vlax Romani
rn - Rundi
ro - Romanian
roa-tara - Tarantino
ru - Russian
rue - Rusyn
rup - Aromanian
ruq - Megleno-Romanian
ruq-cyrl - Megleno-Romanian (Cyrillic script)
ruq-latn - Megleno-Romanian (Latin script)
rw - Kinyarwanda
sa - Sanskrit
sah - Sakha
sat - Santali
sc - Sardinian
scn - Sicilian
sco - Scots
sd - Sindhi
sdc - Sassarese Sardinian
sdh - Southern Kurdish
se - Northern Sami
sei - Seri
ses - Koyraboro Senni
sg - Sango
sgs - Samogitian
sh - Serbo-Croatian
shi - Tachelhit
shi-latn - Tachelhit (Latin script)
shi-tfng - Tachelhit (Tifinagh script)
shn - Shan
shy - Shawiya
shy-latn - Shawiya (Latin script)
si - Sinhala
simple - Simple English
sk - Slovak
skr - Saraiki
skr-arab - Saraiki (Arabic script)
sl - Slovenian
sli - Lower Silesian
sm - Samoan
sma - Southern Sami
smn - Inari Sami
sn - Shona
so - Somali
sq - Albanian
sr - Serbian
sr-ec - Serbian (Cyrillic script)
sr-el - Serbian (Latin script)
srn - Sranan Tongo
ss - Swati
st - Southern Sotho
stq - Saterland Frisian
sty - Siberian Tatar
su - Sundanese
sv - Swedish
sw - Swahili
szl - Silesian
szy - Sakizaya
ta - Tamil
tay - Tayal
tcy - Tulu
te - Telugu
tet - Tetum
tg - Tajik
tg-cyrl - Tajik (Cyrillic script)
tg-latn - Tajik (Latin script)
th - Thai
ti - Tigrinya
tk - Turkmen
tl - Tagalog
tly - Talysh
tly-cyrl - толыши
tn - Tswana
to - Tongan
tpi - Tok Pisin
tr - Turkish
tru - Turoyo
trv - Taroko
ts - Tsonga
tt - Tatar
tt-cyrl - Tatar (Cyrillic script)
tt-latn - Tatar (Latin script)
tum - Tumbuka
tw - Twi
ty - Tahitian
tyv - Tuvinian
tzm - Central Atlas Tamazight
udm - Udmurt
ug - Uyghur
ug-arab - Uyghur (Arabic script)
ug-latn - Uyghur (Latin script)
uk - Ukrainian
ur - Urdu
uz - Uzbek
uz-cyrl - Uzbek (Cyrillic script)
uz-latn - Uzbek (Latin script)
ve - Venda
vec - Venetian
vep - Veps
vi - Vietnamese
vls - West Flemish
vmf - Main-Franconian
vo - Volapük
vot - Votic
vro - Võro
wa - Walloon
war - Waray
wo - Wolof
wuu - Wu Chinese
xal - Kalmyk
xh - Xhosa
xmf - Mingrelian
xsy - Saisiyat
yi - Yiddish
yo - Yoruba
yue - Cantonese
za - Zhuang
zea - Zeelandic
zgh - Standard Moroccan Tamazight
zh - Chinese
zh-cn - Chinese (China)
zh-hans - Simplified Chinese
zh-hant - Traditional Chinese
zh-hk - Chinese (Hong Kong)
zh-mo - Chinese (Macau)
zh-my - Chinese (Malaysia)
zh-sg - Chinese (Singapore)
zh-tw - Chinese (Taiwan)
zu - Zulu
Format
Export for off-line translation
Export in native format
Fetch
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Funtoo Linux: Primeros pasos}}<languages/> Si usted no tiene experiencia trabajando con Gentoo o Funtoo Linux, esta página le ayudará a familiarizarse con su nuevo sistema y su funcionamiento. == Introducción a Emerge: Cómo instalar un editor == Los editores preinstalados en Funtoo Linux son {{c|nano}} y {{c|vi}}. {{c|nano}} es el editor por defecto. Si usted es un usuario nuevo de Funtoo Linux probablemente ya sabe algo sobre {{c|[[emerge]]}}, un comando utilizado en Funtoo y Gentoo para instalar paquetes desde el árbol de Portage. Funtoo Linux tiene un árbol de Portage basado en git, que está localizado de manera predeterminada en el directorio {{f|/var/git/meta-repo}}. Este directorio contiene "scripts" llamados "ebuilds" que describen cómo construir e instalar paquetes desde su fuente (o "source" en inglés). El comando {{c|emerge}} se usa para ejecutar esos scripts e instalar los paquetes de la siguiente manera: <console> # ##i##emerge vim </console> Es importante aclarar que cualquier comando que usted especifique en la línea de comandos de {{c|emerge}} será añadido al set de Portage. Lo anterior significa que, de ahora en adelante, Portage asumirá que el usuario quiere mantender ese paquete actualizado como parte de su sistema. Usar la opción {{c|--pretend}} ({{c|-p}}) es útil para prever lo que {{c|emerge}} ''habría ejecutado" sin necesidad de ejecutar el programa en realidad. <console> # ##i##emerge -p vim </console> Otra opción muy útil es {{c|-a}}, or {{c|--ask}} porque presenta una lista de paquetes que serán instalados y requiere la confirmación del usuario para completar el proceso. En inglés, los usuarios de Funtoo y Gentoo usan la expresión "merged" (fusionar) para describir la instalación de paquetes, porque estos se fusionan al árbol de Portage. {{console|body= # ##i##emerge -a emacs ##g##These are the packages that would be merged, in order: Calculating dependencies... done! [##g##ebuild N ##!g##] ##g##app-admin/eselect-emacs-1.13 [##g##ebuild N ##!g##] ##g##net-libs/liblockfile-1.09 [##g##ebuild N ##!g##] ##g##app-emacs/emacs-common-gentoo-1.3-r1##!g## USE="##bl##-X -emacs22icons##!bl##" [##g##ebuild N ##!g##] ##g####b##app-editors/emacs-23.4-r1##!g####!b## USE="##r##alsa gif gpm jpeg png tiff xpm ##!r####bl##-X -Xaw3d ##!bl##(##bl##-aqua##!bl##)##bl## -athena -dbus -gconf -gtk -gzip-el -hesiod -kerberos -livecd -m17n-lib -motif -sound -source -svg -toolkit-scroll-bars -xft##!bl##" [##g##ebuild N ##!g##] ##g##virtual/emacs-23 ##b##Would you like to merge these packages? [##g##Yes##!g##/##r##No##!r##]##!b## ##i##y }} === USE Variables === In the above {{c|emerge}} output, you can see some text beginning with {{c|1=USE=}} on the {{c|app-editors/emacs}} line. This means that this package has a number of optional build-time features which can be controlled using Portage USE variables. It is possible to enable USE variables globally in {{f|/etc/portage/make.conf}}, on a per-package basis in {{f|/etc/portage/package.use}}, or as logical sets by using [[Funtoo Profiles]]. It's recommended that you first take a look at [[Funtoo Profiles]] and see if there may be sets of USE variables that you want to enable as a group. You can set your system ''flavor'' to more accurately reflect the intended use of your Funtoo system, and by doing so, many more USE variables will be set (or unset) to reasonable defaults for your intended use. These USE variables can be set globally by adding a line such as this to {{f|/etc/portage/make.conf}}: {{file|lang=bash|name=/etc/portage/make.conf|body= USE="gif jpeg png tiff xpm" }} Or, alternatively, you can enable just these USE variables for emacs by adding the following line to {{f|/etc/portage/package.use}}: {{file|lang=bash|name=/etc/portage/package.use|body= app-editors/emacs gif jpeg png tiff xpm }} However, it's generally best to find a [[Funtoo Profiles|Funtoo Profile]] flavor or mix-in that serves your purpose. For example, setting your system to be a desktop by running {{c|epro flavor desktop}} or adding the appropriate mix-in via {{c|epro mix-in +mediaformat-gfx-common}} gives you more opportunity to dial in sets of related USE variables with a single command. See the [[emerge]] page for more information on various emerge command-line options and best practices. ==== Default editor ==== Funtoo Linux also has a special meta-command called {{c|eselect}}, which can be used to set many default system settings. One of the things it is used for is to set the default editor used by things like {{c|crontab -e}}, etc that will automatically start an editor when run. Here is how to use {{c|eselect}} to change the default system editor: {{console|body= # ##i##eselect editor list Available targets for the EDITOR variable: [1] /bin/nano [2] /bin/ed [3] /usr/bin/ex [4] /usr/bin/vi [ ] (free form) # ##i##eselect editor set 4 Setting EDITOR to /usr/bin/vi ... Run ". /etc/profile" to update the variable in your shell. }} After logging in again, or typing {{c|source /etc/profile}} in the current shell, the new system editor will be active. Note that if you want to use vim instead of a vi through busybox you also need to run: {{console|body= # ##i##eselect vi set vim }} === Updating your system === Sometimes, you may want to update the packages on your system. Often, this is done after you run {{c|ego sync}}, which will grab Portage tree updates from the main Funtoo Linux Portage tree: {{console|body= # ##i##ego sync ##g##Syncing meta-repo (cd /var/git/meta-repo && git remote set-branches --add origin master) (cd /var/git/meta-repo && git fetch origin refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master) remote: Counting objects: 95, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (64/64), done. remote: Total 95 (delta 31), reused 95 (delta 31), pack-reused 0 Unpacking objects: 100% (95/95), done. }} You may also want to update your system after you have changed USE flag settings. To take advantage of the USE flags you have just enabled, it's necessary to recompile everything that includes them. Below, you'll find a recommended {{c|emerge}} command for updating your entire system. The <tt>-a</tt> option will cause <tt>emerge</tt> to prompt you for confirmation before starting the merge: {{console|body= # ##i##emerge -auDN @world }} {{c|-u}} tells {{c|emerge}} to update any already-installed but out-of-date packages that we specify on the command-line. The {{c|-D}} option tells {{c|emerge}} to perform a ''deep'' dependency tree graph, so it will include sub-dependencies of packages that we have specified on the command line as well. This allows {{c|emerge}} to perform as thorough an update of your system as possible. The {{c|-N}} ({{c|--newuse}}) option tells Portage to check for any new USE flags that have been enabled or disabled, and rebuild packages so that all USE flags are set as currently defined in [[Funtoo Profiles]], {{f|/etc/portage/make.conf}} and {{f|/etc/portage/package.use}}. <tt>world</tt> is a "meta-package" or "package set" which includes every package that you have manually installed plus all packages in the system set. If you want to see a list of all these packages, look at {{f|/var/lib/portage/world}}: {{console|body= # ##i##cat /var/lib/portage/world app-editors/vim app-portage/eix app-portage/gentoolkit dev-vcs/git net-misc/bridge-utils net-misc/dhcpcd net-misc/keychain sys-apps/gptfdisk sys-apps/pciutils sys-devel/bc sys-fs/reiserfsprogs sys-kernel/vanilla-sources }} ==== Updating a few packages ==== If we simply wanted to rebuild a few packages to reflect updated USE flag settings, we could specify it instead of <tt>world</tt>. Be sure to include the <tt>-N</tt> option: <console> # ##i##emerge -auDN vim emacs </console> == Useful applications for daily usage == Here are some other packages you may want to consider installing via <tt>emerge</tt>: ;<tt>app-misc/screen</tt>: Allows you to have persistent login sessions. ;<tt>app-misc/tmux</tt>: Similar to <tt>screen</tt> -- some people prefer it. ;<tt>app-admin/sudo</tt>: Grant root privileges to selected users and command combinations. ;<tt>sys-process/htop</tt>: Colorful and informative text-based process list. ;<tt>sys-process/glances</tt>: Similar to htop, includes disc I/O and network I/O in display. ;<tt>app-portage/eix</tt>: Quick portage package search ;<tt>app-portage/gentoolkit</tt>: Portage utils ;<tt>app-misc/mc</tt>: GNU Midnight Commander is a text based file manager --- some will recall <tt>MS-DOS XtreeGold</tt> ;<tt>app-text/wgetpaste</tt>: Command-line interface to various pastebins; very useful in providing info along with bugs reports ;<tt>net-irc/irssi</tt>: A modular textUI IRC client with IPv6 support; a powerful tool to get help from Funtoo Community on IRC channel. Nice companion to <tt>app-text/wgetpaste</tt> <console> # ##i##emerge --jobs app-misc/screen sudo htop eix gentoolkit app-misc/mc wgetpaste net-irc/irssi </console> === Creating a user account === It's a good idea to create a normal user account that you can use for general Linux tasks. Before rebooting, create a user account for everyday use. Adjust the groups in the example below to match your needs. Some of them may not exist yet on your system. Replace "<tt><user_name></tt>" with the name you're going to use for your everyday user. The "<tt>-m</tt>" option instructs <tt>useradd</tt> to create a home directory for your user. See <tt>man useradd</tt> for more info. <console> # ##i##useradd -m -G audio,video,cdrom,wheel,users <user_name> </console> Don't forget to set a password for your new user: <console> # ##i##passwd <user_name> </console> Check [[Package:Sudo]] to enable sudo. == Installing a graphical environment == If you intend on using your Funtoo Linux installation for more than system administration, chances are you're going to want to have a GUI (graphical user interface). In the past, setting one up involved wading through text files and man pages. Thanks to modern tools like udev this is no longer the case. Unlike most operating systems, Funtoo does not ship with a GUI pre-installed. If you've used Windows or Mac OS, you'd also know that their interfaces cannot be replaced easily. With Linux, the opposite is true -- you are free to choose from a huge selection of GUIs. From window managers such as Blackbox, IceWM, and xmonad, to fully-featured desktop environments like GNOME and KDE, the possibilities are vast in number. The first step in setting up a graphical environment is to set up the [[X Window System]]. Then, you will be able to install the graphical environment of your choice. [[GNOME First Steps|GNOME]] is a popular option for new users. [[KDE Plasma 5|KDE Plasma]] and [http://www.funtoo.org/Package:Xfce4-meta XFCE] are popular alternatives. [[Category:HOWTO]] [[Category:Install]] [[Category:Featured]]
Navigation menu
Personal tools
English
Log in
Namespaces
Translate
Variants
Views
Language statistics
Message group statistics
Export
More
Search
foo
Funtoo Linux
Install
Support Matrix
Download
Find your CPU
FAQ
Infrastructure
YouTube Channel
Discord
Report a Bug
Submit Code
Forums
Server Status
Sponsors
Projects
Keychain
Containers
Metro
Misc
Ebuilds
Wiki Editing Guidelines
Development Guide
Categories
Articles
HOWTOs
Tutorials
Networking
Portage
Links
Recent changes
MediaWiki Help
Tools
Special pages
Printable version